Engineered Fluorescent E. coli Lysogens Allow Live-Cell Imaging of Functional Prophage Induction Triggered inside Macrophages

Bodner, Katie; Melkonian, Arin L.; Barth, Angela I.M.; Kudo, Tetsuichi; Yu, Tao; Covert, Markus W.

doi:10.1016/j.cels.2020.02.006

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…It is a sensor of environmental stress including low Mg 2+ levels, antimicrobial peptides, and acidic pH. It was suggested that phages may interact with the innate immune system (Figure 7) [255].…”

Section: Interactions Between Prophages and Eukaryotic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Bacteriophages with Animal and Human Organisms—Safety Issues in the Light of Phage Therapy

Podlacha

Grabowski

Kosznik-Kawśnicka

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacterial cells. Since there is a lack of specific receptors for bacteriophages on eukaryotic cells, these viruses were for a long time considered to be neutral to animals and humans. However, studies of recent years provided clear evidence that bacteriophages can interact with eukaryotic cells, significantly influencing the functions of tissues, organs, and systems of mammals, including humans. In this review article, we summarize and discuss recent discoveries in the field of interactions of phages with animal and human organisms. Possibilities of penetration of bacteriophages into eukaryotic cells, tissues, and organs are discussed, and evidence of the effects of phages on functions of the immune system, respiratory system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, urinary tract, and reproductive system are presented and discussed. Modulations of cancer cells by bacteriophages are indicated. Direct and indirect effects of virulent and temperate phages are discussed. We conclude that interactions of bacteriophages with animal and human organisms are robust, and they must be taken under consideration when using these viruses in medicine, especially in phage therapy, and in biotechnological applications.

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Section: Interactions Between Prophages and Eukaryotic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Bacteriophages with Animal and Human Organisms—Safety Issues in the Light of Phage Therapy

Podlacha

Grabowski

Kosznik-Kawśnicka

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…In the vacuolar compartment, Lambda induction was not dependent on RecA, as observed in vitro , but rather on PhoP. An anti-microbial peptide, mCramp1, was suggested to be at the origin of this induction, via a bacterial membrane stress (15). Whether prophages from natural E. coli isolates are also induced and provoke bacterial lysis in macrophages remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Interestingly, it was recently established that the macrophage environment can provoke Lambda prophage induction by 26-fold compared to in vitro in an unstimulated model laboratory E. coli strain (15). This high induction level, which leads in vitro to the lysis of ∼90% of the bacteria, probably facilitates the clearing work of macrophages (15). In the vacuolar compartment, Lambda induction was not dependent on RecA, as observed in vitro , but rather on PhoP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophage taming by the adherent-invasiveEscherichia coliLF82 upon macrophage infection

Misson

Bruder

Cornuault

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Adherent-invasiveEscherichia coli(AIEC) strains are frequently recovered from stools of patients with dysbiotic microbiota. They have remarkable properties of adherence to the intestinal epithelium, and survive better than otherE. coliin macrophages. The best studied of these AIEC is probably strain LF82, which was isolated from a Crohn″s disease patient. This strain contains five complete prophages, which have not been studied until now. We undertook their analysis, both in vitro and inside macrophages, and show that all of them form virions. The Gally prophage is by far the most active, generating spontaneously over 108viral particles per mL of culture supernatants in vitro, more than 100-fold higher than the other phages. Gally is over-induced after a genotoxic stress generated by ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. However, upon macrophage infection, Gally virion production is decreased by more than 20-fold, and the transcription profile of the prophage indicates that part of the structural module is specifically repressed while the replication module is overexpressed compared to unstressed culture conditions. We conclude that strain LF82 has evolved an efficient way to ″tame″ its most active prophage upon macrophage infection, which may participate to its good survival in macrophages. The results are discussed in light of the active lysogeny process.

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“…Consistent with these proinflammatory effects, there are indications that phages may act synergistically with the innate immune response to promote bacterial clearance. Using an innovative fluorescent lysis reporter system, Bodner et al (101) detected lysis of E. coli by a lambda prophage in response to ROS present within a macrophage phagosome. This suggests that phages provide an alternative bacterial killing pathway for macrophages.…”

Section: Phages and Bacterial Clearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages and the Immune System

et al. 2021

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Bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—are abundant within our bodies, but their significance to human health is only beginning to be explored. Here, we synthesize what is currently known about our phageome and its interactions with the immune system. We first review how phages indirectly affect immunity via bacterial expression of phage-encoded proteins. We next review how phages directly influence innate immunity and bacterial clearance. Finally, we discuss adaptive immunity against phages and its implications for phage/bacterial interactions. In light of these data, we propose that our microbiome can be understood as an interconnected network of bacteria, bacteriophages, and human cells and that the stability of these tri-kingdom interactions may be important for maintaining our immunologic and metabolic health. Conversely, the disruption of this balance, through exposure to exogenous phages, microbial dysbiosis, or immune dysregulation, may contribute to disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 8 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Engineered Fluorescent E. coli Lysogens Allow Live-Cell Imaging of Functional Prophage Induction Triggered inside Macrophages

Abstract: Highlights d A bacteriophage lysis reporter allows for live-cell imaging of prophage induction d Macrophages trigger l phage induction and lysis in phagocytosed E. coli through PhoP d Induced l phage can propagate secondary E. coli infections inside phagosomes

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Interactions of Bacteriophages with Animal and Human Organisms—Safety Issues in the Light of Phage Therapy

Interactions of Bacteriophages with Animal and Human Organisms—Safety Issues in the Light of Phage Therapy

Prophage taming by the adherent-invasiveEscherichia coliLF82 upon macrophage infection

Bacteriophages and the Immune System

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