Engineered feldspar-based ceramics: A review of their potential in ceramic industry

Fuertes, V.; Reinosa, J.J.; Fernández, J.F.; Enríquez, E.

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.10.017

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…Bending strength is typically employed to assess the green body's plasticity, and is considered a vital parameter for evaluating the cutting properties of large-sized porcelain ceramic tiles in industrial settings. 26 Based on the triangular ingredients diagram in Figure 4(a), it can be observed that the bending strength value of the green body changes gradually along the direction from PA to PC, due to the higher clay content at the PC vertex compared to both PA and PB vertices, as shown in Table 3. Thus, it can be concluded that the plasticity property is primarily influenced by the clay content in ceramic formulas.…”

Section: Optimization For Formula Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formula optimization and thermodynamic evolution of high-performance large-sized porcelain thin ceramic tiles mainly enhanced by contrivable multi-phases

Zhong

Cao

Huang

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Owing to the high expenses and numerous potential avenues for formula research in ceramic production, obtaining cost-effective and high-quality ceramic formulas for high-performance ceramics poses significant challenges. To address this issue, a flux formula optimization procedure is proposed to develop the predictive ceramic formula P18, which allows precise control of the Al/Si ratio and is compatible with standard manufacturing processes. This cost-effective method enables the visual examination of ceramics’ physical, mechanical and thermodynamic properties. It is found that sintering temperature plays a crucial role in phase and microstructure evolution by classical phenomenological kinetic theory. Moreover, the sintered sample P18 exhibits remarkable mechanical performance, with a strength of 96.82 ± 2.0 MPa and fracture toughness of 1.89 ± 0.02 MPa·m1/2. These outstanding properties can be attributed to the reinforcing effects of multiple phases, such as high-strength corundum and in situ mullite whiskers. The mechanical mechanisms of the resulting ceramic tiles include particle reinforcement, microcrack deflection, intergranular and transgranular fracture, and in situ mullite whisker bridge pull-out, which collectively contribute to increase energy consumption per unit length, thus reducing the risk of brittle fractures.

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Section: Optimization For Formula Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formula optimization and thermodynamic evolution of high-performance large-sized porcelain thin ceramic tiles mainly enhanced by contrivable multi-phases

Zhong

Cao

Huang

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…In the fields of Earth Sciences and Archaeology, feldspars can be utilized, among other things, as dating elements (K-Ar, Ar-Ar, luminescence dating, etc.) and as extenders and fillers in paints, polymers, and rubber; in biomedical applications and dental porcelains [4].…”

Section: Feldspar As Industrial Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis of feldspar characteristic as ceramic material at Mount Ragas, Jepara, Central Java

Winarno,

Marin,

Ayuningtyas

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The ceramic industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly so it needs a lot of raw and mixture materials for ceramics. One of the materials needed in the manufacture of ceramics is feldspar. At Mount Ragas, located in Clering Village, Donorojo, Jepara, Central Java, there are feldspar deposits which have the potential to supply the demand of the ceramic industry. The purpose of the study was to determine the geological conditions, mineralogical composition, chemical composition and characteristic of feldspar in ceramic industry. The research methods used were geological mapping, petrographic analysis and XRF geochemical analysis. The lithology of research area consists of andesite and alluvium deposits. Andesite is composed of plagioclase (andesine), alkali feldspar, quartz, hornblende, pyroxene and opaque mineral. The chemical composition of feldspar consists of SiO2 (61.03-65.01%), Al2O3 (20.23-22.5%), K2O (5.27-5.52%), Na2O (4.65-5.1%), CaO (0.43-0.65%), Fe2O3 (0.61-2.13%), MgO (<0.01%), MnO2 (<0.01%), TiO2 (0.09-0.11%), Cr2O3 (<0.01%), LOI (1.65-1.73%). Based on SNI No. 1145-1984, no samples meet the requirements for porcelain materials, only sample SMP-05 meets the requirements for sanitary materials and samples SMP-04, SMP-05 and SMP-06 meet the requirements for pottery material. Based on the standard from PT Semarang Mineral Pembangunan, feldspar samples that meet the requirements for glass materials are SMP-04 and SMP-05 and samples that meet the requirements for ceramic materials are SMP-01, SMP-02, SMP-03 and SMP-06.

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“…The most significant development in the history of ceramics to date is the production of vitrified and translucent porcelain in ancient China [ 1 ]. The three-component system of clay–feldspar–quartz is widely used in the ceramic industry [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The main components of the sintered product are quartz (11 × 10 −6 K −1 ), mullite (5.7 × 10 −6 K −1 ), and feldspar glass (4.8 × 10 −6 K −1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Anorthite/Mullite In Situ and Phase Transformation in Porcelain

Lin

Zhong

et al. 2023

Materials

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A high sintering temperature is required to acquire excellent performance in the production of porcelain but results in high fuel consumption. To prepare the porcelain with outstanding performance at a lower temperature, a self-produced additive containing calcium (CaK) was added into a three-component system of kaolinite–feldspar–quartz. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the samples. The toughening mechanism and Gibbs free energy were investigated. After introducing the CaK, the bending strength of the porcelain fired at 1513 K increased from 56.32 ± 0.65 MPa to 95.31 ± 0.63 MPa, which was 21.83% higher than that of the porcelain without CaK at an optimal firing temperature of 1603 K. The main crystal phase of the sample comprised mullite and quartz in the raw materials at 1453~1603 K. The anorthite was observed at 1453 K and interlocked with needle-shaped mullite at 1513 K in the porcelain after adding CaK, which resulted in the higher bending strength. Quantitative analysis indicated that the amount of anorthite decreased at 1513 K and disappeared at 1543 K; the amount of mullite increased with temperature. The Gibbs free energy of the reaction (CaO•Al2O3•2SiO2 + 2(Al2O3•2SiO2) → 3Al2O3•2SiO2 + CaO + 4SiO2) at high temperature was negative, which suggested that the formation of mullite (3Al2O3•2SiO2) from anorthite (CaO•Al2O3•2SiO2) was possible. These findings implied that the addition of CaK contributed to the appropriate phase composition and microstructure, and the excellent performance of the porcelain at a lower temperature. In addition, the transformation between anorthite and mullite was possible in the special raw material system. The results are of interest in producing anorthite/mullite ceramics at reduced sintering temperatures and the conversion between anorthite and mullite.

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Engineered feldspar-based ceramics: A review of their potential in ceramic industry

Cited by 31 publications

References 190 publications

Formula optimization and thermodynamic evolution of high-performance large-sized porcelain thin ceramic tiles mainly enhanced by contrivable multi-phases

Formula optimization and thermodynamic evolution of high-performance large-sized porcelain thin ceramic tiles mainly enhanced by contrivable multi-phases

The Analysis of feldspar characteristic as ceramic material at Mount Ragas, Jepara, Central Java

Preparation of Anorthite/Mullite In Situ and Phase Transformation in Porcelain

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