Engineered Cell‐Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles Directly Present Tumor Antigens to Promote Anticancer Immunity

Abstract

The recent success of immunotherapies has highlighted the power of leveraging the immune system in the fight against cancer. In order for most immune‐based therapies to succeed, T cell subsets with the correct tumor‐targeting specificities must be mobilized. When such specificities are lacking, providing the immune system with tumor antigen material for processing and presentation is a common strategy for stimulating antigen‐specific T cell populations. While straightforward in principle, experience has shown that manipulation of the antigen presentation process can be incredibly complex, necessitating sophisticated strategies that are difficult to translate. Herein, the design of a biomimetic nanoparticle platform is reported that can be used to directly stimulate T cells without the need for professional antigen‐presenting cells. The nanoparticles are fabricated using a cell membrane coating derived from cancer cells engineered to express a co‐stimulatory marker. Combined with the peptide epitopes naturally presented on the membrane surface, the final formulation contains the necessary signals to promote tumor antigen‐specific immune responses, priming T cells that can be used to control tumor growth. The reported approach represents an emerging strategy that can be used to develop multiantigenic, personalized cancer immunotherapies.

Nanotechnology for virus treatment

“…This approach for nanoparticle functionalization enables nanoengineers to utilize the multifaceted biological interactions that are found in nature without the need for complex synthetic techniques. Different membrane modification strategies can also be employed to further enhance nanoparticle functionality [ [313] , [314] , [315] ].…”

Cancer Cell–Membrane Biomimetic Boron Nitride Nanospheres for Targeted Cancer Therapy

“…The enlarged image of HM-BNs showed that the transparent membrane structure of about 10 nm thickness corresponding to the width of the cell membrane was attached to the surface of the HM-BNs, which indicated that the HM film had successfully wrapped onto BNs after mechanical extrusion. 33 , 34 Moreover, those particles were more dispersed compared to pristine BNs without modification. Elemental analysis of HM-BNs was conducted with EDS microanalysis ( Table 1 ).…”

Biomimetic cancer cell membrane-coated nanosystems as next-generation cancer therapies

“…Tailoring the surface of CCM-NS toward active targeting strategies by attaching selected ligands is receiving increasing relevance to maximize cancer tissue accumulation and uptake [1][2][3]5]. Cell engineering may allow tuning CCMs composition for improved outcomes, such as expressing the co-stimulatory signal CD80, as recently reported [14].…”