Engineered Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Recent strides in nanomaterials science have paved the way for the creation of reliable, effective, highly accurate, and user-friendly biomedical systems. Pioneering the integration of natural cell membranes into sophisticated nanocarrier architectures, cell membrane camouflage has emerged as a transformative approach for regulated drug delivery, offering the benefits of minimal immunogenicity coupled with active targeting capabilities. Nevertheless, the utility of nanomaterials with such camouflage is curtailed by challenges like suboptimal targeting precision and lackluster therapeutic efficacy. Tailored cell membrane engineering stands at the forefront of biomedicine, equipping nanoplatforms with the capacity to conduct more complex operations. This review commences with an examination of prevailing methodologies in cell membrane engineering, spotlighting strategies such as direct chemical modification, lipid insertion, membrane hybridization, metabolic glycan labeling, and genetic engineering. Following this, an evaluation of the unique attributes of various nanomaterials is presented, delivering an in-depth scrutiny of the substantial advancements and applications driven by cutting-edge engineered cell membrane camouflage. The discourse culminates by recapitulating the salient influence of engineered cell membrane camouflage within nanomaterial applications and prognosticates its seminal role in transformative healthcare technologies. It is envisaged that the insights offered herein will catalyze novel avenues for the innovation and refinement of engineered cell membrane camouflaged nanotechnologies.

Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin in Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…A significant amelioration of ulcerative colitis and apical periodontitis was obtained by encapsulating curcumin into CXCR4 cell membrane vesicles through physical entrapment. The obtained cell membrane vesicles induced higher M2 macrophage polarization and showed anti-inflammatory effects [ 41 , 42 ]. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles has been recently evidenced, as they were able to reduce the expression of Nf-κb, TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-inflamed cells, thus suggesting these nanoparticles as possible candidates for the targeted anti-inflammatory therapy of atherosclerosis [ 43 ].…”

Precision Nanomedicine with Bio-Inspired Nanosystems: Recent Trends and Challenges in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Membrane-Coated Bioengineered Nanocarriers in Targeted Nanotherapeutics

“…Comparing cell membrane-camouflaged drug delivery systems to cell-based drug delivery systems, recent research has revealed that the latter can lose all of the native cells’ biological characteristics and functions, including the long lifespan of erythrocytes (red blood cells, or RBCs) in circulation, the ability of macrophages, neutrophils, and mesenchymal stem cells to homing in on inflammation, and the capacity of T cells and natural killer cells to recognize and eliminate tumors [ 192 , 193 , 194 ]. Additionally to the effect of nanocarriers, various physiological and pathological barriers, such as hepatic metabolism, renal filtration, immune clearance, and various organ and tissue barriers (e.g., epithelial–endothelial barrier, extracellular matrix barrier, and cell membrane barrier), control the drug delivery capabilities of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo [ 195 , 196 ].…”