Engelli Sporcuların Objektifinden Spor Deneyimini Görmek: Engelleyici Faktörlerin Sosyo-Ekolojik Model Perspektifinden Analizi

Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of athletes with a physical impairment regarding the constraints they face in their participation in sports and how these constraints affect their participation in sports from the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) perspective with the photo voice method. In this qualitative study based on the interpretative paradigm, the participants were selected according to the criterion sampling method, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods. Four wheelchair track and field athletes and seven wheelchair basketball athletes with a physical impairment (n=11) aged 20-42 years old included in this study. In the framework of the semi-structured interview form, three different data collection techniques were used in the collection of research data: face-to-face individual interview, focus group interview, and photographic data. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there were personal, social, environmental, institutional and political factors that affect the sports experiences of athletes with a physical impairment. It was found that those personal constraints were mainly caused by the problems of athletes' adaptation to wheelchair sports and their impairment. Social constraints were caused by prosocial behavioral barriers and the social perspective created by stigmatization. The most emphasized environmental constraints in the study were based on the access constraints arising from the poor design of public spaces in accessing sports facilities and individuals' failure to comply with certain rules in social life. In the theme of institutional constraints, it was observed that there were no sustainability and systematic approaches in reaching sports-related resources. In the theme of political obstacles, it is stated that there were not enough policies regarding the approach of the society to the individuals with a disability and the media influence were not used sufficiently for the the individuals with a disability. As a result, there are interrelated and multifactorial constraints that affect the sports participation experience of athletes with a physical impairment and include all five dimensions of SEM. These constraints faced by athletes with a physical impairment affect their daily lives as well as their sports life negatively. If these constraints were eliminated or reduced, it was thought that disability sports will develop further.

Wheelchair Basketball Athletes' Participation in Sports: An Examination within the Scope of the Social Model

“…In light of these theoretical frameworks, the study's findings suggest that societal evaluations of participants can be illustrative of ableism. Moreover, negative attitudes encountered from others (Argan et al, 2021;Koçak et al, 2023) and a lack of social awareness (Arnell et al, 2020;Ballas et al, 2022) are identified as influential factors in the sports participation of individuals with disabilities.…”

“…It is observed that besides the barriers encountered by physically disabled individuals in many areas of life, they also encounter various inhibiting factors in the field of sports . A review of the literature reveals several such impediments, including transportation challenges (Esatbeyoğlu and Karahan, 2014;Durmuş and Sarol, 2023;Kumcağız and Çayır, 2018;Küçük, 2024;Uzun et al, 2023), negative attitudes (Argan et al, 2021;Koçak et al, 2023), economic constraints (Murphy et al, 2008), health issues stemming from physical disabilities (Jaarsma et al, 2014a;Jaarsma et al, 2014b;Sarol, 2024), lack of energy (Jaarsma et al, 2015), and time constraints (McLoughlin et al, 2017). Moreover, inadequate training of trainers (Shields and Synnot, 2014;Ünlü et al, 2024), inappropriate facilities and equipment for disabled individuals (Caracci, 2019;Columna et al, 2017;Sarol, 2024;Shields and Synnot, 2016;Çeviker, 2017), and societal unawareness (Arnell et al, 2020;Ballas et al, 2022) have been identified as additional inhibiting factors affecting sports participation.…”

Analysis of the Relationship between Leisure Satisfaction and Adjustment to University Life on University Students

“…ihtiyaçları ve bu ihtiyaçları karşılamak için yerine getirilmesi gereken ekonomik şartların sağlandıktan sonra kalan zamanlarda gerçekleştirdiği aktiviteler ise, serbest zaman aktiviteleri olarak açıklanmaktadır (Gürbüz & Henderson, 2014). Gerçekleştirilen veya tercih edilen serbest zaman aktiviteleri ve serbest zamana verilen anlam, bireylerin demografik özellikleri, ekonomik şartları, sahip olduğu aile yaşamı, alınan eğitim ve içinde yaşadığı toplumun özelliklerine farklılık göstermektedir (Argan, Gürbüz, Koçak & Atıcı, 2021;Gürbüz & Henderson, 2013). Serbest zaman aktivitelerine katılım sıklıkla yaşam kalitesi, motivasyon, sıkılma algısı ve doyum konuları ile ilişkilendirilmektedir (Choi & Yoo, 2017;Hartman ve diğ., 2020).…”

Professional Athletes' Knowledge About and Awareness of Accessibility Signs/Symbols: A Descriptive Study

“…8 In Türkiye, studies also showed that among other barriers, environmental barriers including accessibility issues also prevent individuals with disabilities to participate in physical activity and/or sports. [9][10][11] Esatbeyoğlu and Güven-Karahan for example reported in their study that along with personal barriers individuals with disabilities cannot participate to sports because of accessibility issues regarding sports facilities. 9 Moreover, Argan et al reported that the presence of environmental barriers directly affect participation in sports especially for individu-als with physical disabilities.…”

“…9 Moreover, Argan et al reported that the presence of environmental barriers directly affect participation in sports especially for individu-als with physical disabilities. 10 Paralympic athletes also reported environmental barriers including lack of accessible sports facilities and sports equipment to participate in sports and continue their training before big events such as Paralympics. 11 In order to overcome those barriers and welcome all participants to sport events and facilities, countries started to invest in initiatives designed to promote active lifestyle for all its citizens including individuals with disabilities.…”