“…According to the "cognitive-affect-behavior" model, "cognitive evaluations and affective responses," like customer experience and satisfaction, lead to loyalty intentions and behavior. Likewise, as per Mehrabian and Russell (1974), in the "stimulus-organism-response" model, environmental factors, including experiencerelated stimuli, influence a customer's emotional state (organism), thereby affecting approach or avoidance responses in terms of their loyalty toward retailers (Butt et al, 2023;Lin and Bennett, 2014). Previous researchers have acknowledged the retail and shopping mall experience as a crucial intervening element in numerous retail service encounters, where mall personality, service quality, shopping value and atmosphere positively impact the behavioral outcomes of visitors (Mohd-Ramly and Omar, 2017).…”