Engaging a Pariah: Human Rights Training in Burma/Myanmar

Abstract

The people of Burma/Myanmar have suffered for two generations under military dictatorships. Their economy, legal and social orders, cultural diversity, and political freedoms have all steadily declined during that time. The country's human rights record is considered by many to be one of the worst world-wide. In the West, responses have ranged from diplomatic condemnation, to the imposition of economic sanctions, and to the withdrawal of aid and international cooperation. Countries in the region, on the other hand, have been typically less robust, more accepting of assertions of sovereign rights and concerned to promote engagement and dialogue rather than isolation and punishment. Neither approach appears to have had any discernable impact on the attitude of Myanmar's military government or on the plight of its people. Aung San Suu Kyi remains under house arrest, her pro-democracy party banned, and its members persecuted; the rule of law is non existent, and the once flourishing economy is in terminal decline. New strategies to break the impasse are now being contemplated in both the West (more conditional engagement) and the East (more strident conditionality). This article analyzes a controversial Australian human rights initiative that ran in Myanmar from 2000 to 2003, which might be considered a forerunner to these new "third way" approaches. The article describes the objectives, nature, composition and implementation of the program; it assesses its advantages and disadvantages, its risks and potential, and explores some of the criticisms and praise the program engendered. It also provides a detailed backdrop against which one might draw some tentative lessons in terms of the protection and promotion of human rights in both the specific context of Myanmar, and also, by implication, in the global community's approach to intransigent, pariah states.

Chartering a New Direction? Burma and the Evolution of Human Rights in ASEAN

“…And, in Burma's case, this must also include education for the Tatmadaw-an omission that seriously flawed the Australian government's attempts in this area. 67 In lieu of this current deficiency and any evidence that Burma intends to take human rights seriously, ASEAN's commitment to extend its humanitarian taskforce and TCG in Burma should be regarded as a good thing, if only because its presence, along with the UN, may encourage the Tatmadaw to reconsider any future acts of mass public violence.…”

Throwing Stones at Streetlights or Cuckolding Dictators? Australian Foreign Policy and Human Rights in the Developing World

“…Myanmar was a particular if controversial focus, with human rights training of government officials conducted in 2000-03, with the commendable objective of socialising that pariah state through engagement with human rights norms (Kinley and Wilson, 2007). That programme ended, however, as a result of the deteriorating political situation in Myanmar, making it difficult-as is always the case with ephemeral training programmes-to assess its impact on changing behaviour.…”

Inside Myanmar's Turbulent Transformation

“…For almost five decades until 2011, Myanmar was run by a series of military regimes that put national security at the heart of government. The systems implemented under General Ne Win's socialist isolationism, and then Senior General Than Shwe's nationalist cronyism earned the country a ‘pariah’ reputation (Kinley and Wilson ). Especially during the last quarter century of direct military rule, Myanmar became synonymous with ethnic conflict, anti‐democratic clampdowns and an anaemic economy (Horsey ).…”