Engaged, Workaholic, Burned‐Out or Just 9‐to‐5? Toward a Typology of Employee Well‐being

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish a typology of employee well-being, together with its psychosocial antecedents and consequences. Results obtained with a sample of 786 full-time employees from different occupational sectors show four types of employee well-being: 9-to-5 or relaxed, work engaged or enthusiastic, workaholic or tense, and burned-out or fatigued, each having different relationships with job and personal characteristics. This study provides evidence of a parsimonious, theory-based classification of employee well-being and contributes to the existing literature about work investment because meaningful relations were found between various types of employee well-being, and heavy and soft work investors.

The Circumplex Model of Occupational Well-being: Its Relation with Personality

“…The occupational well-being pattern among the Burned-out employees was the reverse. Well-being types similar to these two have been found earlier in studies with varying study designs and occupational groups (Mäkikangas et al, 2014;Mäkikangas, Schaufeli et al, 2013;Salanova et al, 2014). These types could, therefore, be argued to be representative rather than job-specific.…”

“…This extends the study by Salanova et al (2014), who investigated the role of some single personal resources (i.e., self-efficacy and mental/emotional competences). In the present study, personality profiles were examined within the framework of the five-factor model of personality (FFM).…”

“…Recently, Salanova, Del Libano, Llorens and Schaufeli (2014) used cluster analysis to investigate the circumplex model of employee well-being. They found four well-being types among a heterogeneous sample of Spanish employees that bore a close resemblance to the four quadrats of the circumplex model (Bakker & Oerlemans (2011): Engaged, Workaholic, Burned-out, and 9-to-5.…”

Analyzing Models of Work Addiction: Single Factor and Bi-Factor Models of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale

“…Factor structure Workaholism has emerged as a prominent topic in the last 20 years (Andreassen 2014). Due to rapid technological development, increasing numbers of employees are able to work outside their offices, quite often from their homes (Salanova et al 2014). This changing nature of contemporary working life coupled with the fact that boundaries between work and personal life are becoming more blurred are good reasons as to why we need to increase our understanding of workaholism.…”

Live long and propser : Health-promoting conditions at work

“…The experience is simultaneously an enjoyable and intrinsically motivating experience, reflecting a desire to engage in the activity for its own sake. Thus, flow refers to an overarching construct of absorption, enjoyment and intrinsic motiva-tion, and it has been argued that this corresponds to a broad notion of occupational health (Demerouti, 2006) and well-being (Fullagar & Kelloway, 2009;Xanthopoulou, Bakker & Ilies, 2012;Salanova, del Líbano, Llorens & Schaufeli, 2014).…”