Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol‐impaired crash fatalities

Yao, Julie; Johnson, Mark B.; Tippetts, Scott

doi:10.1111/add.13198

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Further, in the present study, places with more city DUI arrests per population, there were proportionally fewer DUI injury/fatal crashes. While this is cross-sectional, this association is consistent with other research (Yao et al 2016) and the decreased self-reported driving behavior among those most likely to drink outside the home.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In the U.S., detection of drinking and driving is low (Yao et al 2016; Voas and Fell 2016). An estimated 1.4 million drivers are arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the influence (DUI) each year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of several states found that per capita DUI arrests were negatively related to impaired driving fatal crashes with a stronger association in urban (vs. rural) areas (Yao et al 2016). A study conducted in the south found that county-level DUI arrest rates (an average of 3.38 per 1000 drivers) did not impact DUI crash rates (Dula et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Maryland, county-level citation rates were not correlated with behavior but correlated with risk perceptions of getting caught for drinking and driving (Beck et al 2009). Even among the small body of evidence that DUI arrests are predictive of reductions in alcohol impaired fatal crashes, this relationship varies and the effect sizes are small (Yao et al 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drinking and driving and perceptions of arrest risk among California drivers: Relationships with DUI arrests in their city of residence

MacLeod

Karriker‐Jaffe

Satariano

et al. 2017

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective Addressing drinking and driving remains a challenge in the U.S. The present study aims to provide feedback on DUI in California by assessing if drinking and driving behavior is associated with the DUI arrest rates in the city in which the driver lives; if this is through perceptions that one can get arrested for this behavior; and if this differed by those drivers who would be most affected by deterrence efforts (those most likely to drink outside the home). Methods This study consisted of a 2012 roadside survey of 1,147 weekend nighttime drivers in California. City DUI arrest rates for 2009–2011 were used as an indicator of local enforcement efforts. Population average logistic modeling was conducted modeling the odds of perceived high arrest likelihood for DUI and drinking and driving behavior within the past year. Results As the DUI arrest rates for the city in which the driver lives increased, perceived high risk of DUI arrest increased. There was no significant relationship between either city DUI arrest rates or perceived high risk of DUI arrest with self-reported drinking and driving behavior in the full sample. Among a much smaller sample of those most likely to drink outside the home, self-reported drinking and driving behavior was negatively associated with DUI arrests rates in their city of residence but this was not mediated by perceptions. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that perceptions are correlated with one aspect of DUI efforts in one’s community. Those who were more likely to drink outside the home could be behaviorally influenced by these efforts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Drinking and driving and perceptions of arrest risk among California drivers: Relationships with DUI arrests in their city of residence

MacLeod

Karriker‐Jaffe

Satariano

et al. 2017

Traffic Injury Prevention

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show abstract

“…In a nationally representative study, Fell et al [3] found that a 10% increase in the DWI arrest rate per capita in a community was associated with a 1% decrease in alcohol-impaired driving crashes in that locality. Using a 11-year sample (1996-2006) of state data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, Yao et al [4]-in a paper in this issue-studied states with increases and decreases in the percentage of alcohol-impaired fatal crashes during that 11-year period and found that states that had higher DWI arrest rates per capita had reductions in the percentage of fatal crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver.…”

Section: Relationship Of Arrests To Impaired Driving Crashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary on Yao et al. (2016): Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol‐impaired crash fatalities

Voas

Fell

2016

Addiction

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Commentary on Yao et al. (2016): Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalitiesYao et al. demonstrate that increases in arrests are associated with decreases in the percentage of fatal crashes involving impaired drivers. We argue that to have a substantial impact on impaired driving fatalities high visibility enforcement methods that require substantial public support must be implemented. RELATIONSHIP OF ARRESTS TO IMPAIRED DRIVING CRASHESMothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) has been successful in educating the American public of the tragedies that occur on our highways because of alcohol-impaired driving. They helped produce a cultural change in attitude towards drunk driving [1]. Within 2 years of MADD's founding in 1980, driving while intoxicated (DWI) arrests rose from 1.4 to 1.8 million a year (a 29% increase) and remained at that higher level for a decade before returning to the 1.4 million base in 1994 [2]. While DWI arrests remained at 1.8 million, the percentage of alcohol-impaired fatal crashes [defined as a fatal crash involving a driver with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08 or higher-the current illegal limit in all 50 states and the District of Columbia] declined 1.5% per year. However, with the diversion of public attention to other national problems in 1997 and beyond, DWI arrests returned to 1.4 million annually, the decline in the percentage of all alcohol-impaired fatal crashes ended and both DWI arrests and the percentage of fatal crashes involving an impaired driver have remained unchanged for 15 years.This lack of progress does not seem to be due to a reduction in the potency of DWI arrests, as recent studies continue to show that increases in DWI arrests are associated with reductions in alcohol-impaired crashes. In a nationally representative study, Fell et al. [3] found that a 10% increase in the DWI arrest rate per capita in a community was associated with a 1% decrease in alcohol-impaired driving crashes in that locality. Using a 11-year sample (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) of state data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, Yao et al.[4]-in a paper in this issue-studied states with increases and decreases in the percentage of alcohol-impaired fatal crashes during that 11-year period and found that states that had higher DWI arrest rates per capita had reductions in the percentage of fatal crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver. ENFORCEMENT INTENSITYThese studies appear to suggest that a return to 1.8 million annual DWI arrests would restore the downward trend in the percentage of alcohol-impaired fatal crashes experienced between 1982 and 1997 (Fig. 1). However, the relationship of DWI arrest rates to alcohol-impaired crashes can be misleading if it suggests that increasing arrests alone will reduce alcohol-impaired driving fatal crashes strongly. The Yao et al. paper noted that the effect size of arrests on crashes was small, and research suggests that DWI arrest rate is only a limited indicato...

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Association Between Emergency Medical Service Response Time and Motor Vehicle Crash Mortality in the United States

Byrne

Mann

Dai³

et al. 2019

JAMA Surg

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IMPORTANCE Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading public health concern. Emergency medical service (EMS) response time is a modifiable, system-level factor with the potential to influence trauma patient survival. The relationship between EMS response time and MVC mortality is unknown. OBJECTIVES To measure the association between EMS response times and MVC mortality at the population level across US counties. DESIGN, SETTING, AND STUDY POPULATION This population-based study included MVC-related deaths in 2268 US counties, representing an estimated population of

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Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol‐impaired crash fatalities

Abstract: Drunk driving enforcement intensity uniquely contributes to reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities after controlling for other factors.

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Drinking and driving and perceptions of arrest risk among California drivers: Relationships with DUI arrests in their city of residence

Drinking and driving and perceptions of arrest risk among California drivers: Relationships with DUI arrests in their city of residence

Commentary on Yao et al. (2016): Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol‐impaired crash fatalities

Association Between Emergency Medical Service Response Time and Motor Vehicle Crash Mortality in the United States

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