ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Radiological Examinations

Sundín, Anders; Vullierme, Marie‐Pierre; Kaltsas, Gregory; Plöckinger, Ursula

doi:10.1159/000184855

Cited by 256 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques are particularly useful for lesions that are too small to be seen by CT or for the identification and follow-up of liver metastatic disease, where MR has been shown to be superior to CT [27][28][29]. The reported sensitivity of MR ranges from 85 to 100 % with a specificity of 75 to 100 % [25,27].…”

Section: Tumor Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This test utilizes radiolabelled somatostatin analogs and can visualize pNETs with good sensitivity ranging from 75 to 100 % [27,30]. There are four major applications for SRS: (1) pNETS are highly suspected but conventional cross-sectional imaging failed to locate any lesions, (2) in the setting of glucagonoma as this tumor tends to present outside the pancreatic anatomic boundary, (3) to evaluate the level of uptake when considering radiotherapy with labeled somatostatin analog, and (4) in the evaluation of metastatic disease.…”

Section: Tumor Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: an Update

2015

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Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare and comprise only 1-2 % of all pancreatic neoplastic disease. Although the majority of these tumors are sporadic (90 %), pNETs can arise in the setting of several different hereditary genetic syndromes, most commonly multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). The presentation of pNETs varies widely, with over 60 % having malignant distant disease at the time of initial diagnosis involving the liver or other distant sites. Functioning pNETs represent approximately 10 % of all pNETs, secrete a variety of peptide hormones, and are responsible for several clinical syndromes caused by profound hormonal derangement. Surgery remains the cornerstone of therapy and the only curative approach. It should be pursued for localized disease and for metastatic lesions amenable to resection. Multimodality therapies, including liver-directed therapies and medical therapy, are gaining increasing favor in the treatment of advanced pNETs. Their utility is multifold and spans from ameliorating symptoms of hormonal excess (functional pNETs) to controlling the local and systemic disease burden (non-functional pNETs). The recent introduction of target molecular therapy has promising results especially for the treatment of progressive well-differentiated G1/G2 tumor. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and give an update on recent advancements made in the therapeutic strategies for pNETs.

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Section: Tumor Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tumor Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: an Update

2015

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“…Various studies have shown a mean detection rate of 86% to 92% for IOUS detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors [26,27] . In 2009 a consensus statement revealed a mean sensitivity and detection rate of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors to be 63%-82% on CT [28,29] . Other studies evaluating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors on MDCT have shown CT sensitivities of 84% and 94% [28,30] .…”

Section: Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative abdominal ultrasound in oncologic imaging

Marcal

Patnana²,

Bhosale³

et al. 2013

WJR

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Significant advances in ultrasound technology have created new opportunities for its use in oncologic imaging. The advent of new transducers with focal beam technology and higher frequency has solidified the role of intraoperative sonography (IOUS) as an invaluable imaging modality in oncologic surgery of the liver, kidneys and pancreas. The ability to detect and characterize small lesions and the precise intraoperative localization of such tumors is essential for adequate surgical planning in segmental or lobar hepatic resections, metastasectomy, nephron-sparing surgery, and partial pancreatectomy. Also, diagnostic characterization of small equivocal lesions deemed indeterminate by conventional preoperative imaging such as multidetector computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, has become an important application of IOUS. This article will review the current applications of IOUS in the liver, kidneys and pancreas.

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“…Various imaging modalities can be used to localise GEP-NETs (12). Conventional imaging modalities include transabdominal ultrasound (US) and endoscopic US (EUS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone scintigraphy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional imaging can be used to study physiological and chemical processes and changes in chemical composition, including metabolism, and also (changes in) blood flow and absorption. Molecular imaging can be used for the visualisation and follow-up of processes at the molecular and cellular level in the intact patient without disturbing them (12,13). Sampling procedures aim to localise functional GEP-NETs by measuring appropriate hormonal gradients in the blood, both before and sometimes after the local or systemic i.v.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GEP-NETs update: Functional localisation and scintigraphy in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (GEP-NETs)

Herder¹

2014

European Journal of Endocrinology

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For patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (GEP) (GEP-NETs), excellent care should ideally be provided by a multidisciplinary team of skilled health care professionals. In these patients, a combination of nuclear medicine imaging and conventional radiological imaging techniques is usually mandatory for primary tumour visualisation, tumour staging and evaluation of treatment. In specific cases, as in patients with occult insulinomas, sampling procedures can provide a clue as to where to localise the insulin-hypersecreting pancreatic NETs. Recent developments in these fields have led to an increase in the detection rate of primary GEP-NETs and their metastatic deposits. Radiopharmaceuticals targeted at specific tumour cell properties and processes can be used to provide sensitive and specific whole-body imaging. Functional imaging also allows for patient selection for receptor-based therapies and prediction of the efficacy of such therapies. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) and single-photon emission CT/CT are used to map functional images with anatomical localisations. As a result, tumour imaging and tumour follow-up strategies can be optimised for every individual GEP-NET patient. In some cases, functional imaging might give indications with regard to future tumour behaviour and prognosis.

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ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Radiological Examinations

Cited by 256 publications

References 75 publications

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: an Update

Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: an Update

Intraoperative abdominal ultrasound in oncologic imaging

GEP-NETs update: Functional localisation and scintigraphy in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (GEP-NETs)

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