Energy utilization in pregnant and lactating sows: modeling of energy requirements.

Noblet, Jean; Dourmad, Jean-Yves; Etienne, Michel Louis

doi:10.2527/1990.682562x

Cited by 193 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

139

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies have suggested that sows should gain approximately 45 kg of weight through gestation, 20 kg for the weight of the placenta and other products of conception and 25 kg of maternal body weight gain (Verstegen et al, 1987;Noblet et al, 1990;. In this study, the average sow weight gain was 75 kg (or 36% of body weight) between day 0 and 110.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Measuring changes in physical size and predicting weight of sows during gestation

O'Connell

Lynch

Bertholot³

et al. 2007

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in physical body size during gestation were monitored using 529 sets of sow measurements. All sows were from the same herd and production system with a range in parity from 1 to 8. Sows were individually weighed, P2 backfat thickness was determined by ultrasound and morphometric measurements of body size were taken five times during gestation: day 0 (at service), day 25, day 50, day 80 and day 110. The morphometric measurements included sow height (from floor to last rib at the midline, from floor to ventral surface and from floor to hip), heart girth, depth of last rib, length (from snout to tail and from anterior scapula to tail) and width (at ham, at last rib and at shoulder). Regression analyses were used to model the relationship between day of gestation or parity number and morphometric measurements of body size. Regression equations were also developed to estimate sow weight from physical measurements, day of gestation and parity. As expected, sow dimensions, in general, increased as pregnancy progressed and also with increasing parity number. The relationships between day of gestation and body dimensions were described by linear and quadratic regression models, which had a range of adjusted R 2 values up to 0.99. Similar relationships to parity number had a range of R 2 values between 0.51 and 0.96. Sow depth, which can be used as an estimate of the width of the sow when lying, equalled the maximum width of the gestation stall (650 mm) at day 103 of gestation. However, by day 40 of gestation, predicted mean sow depth (570 mm) equalled the width at the rear of the crate. The implication of this is that after day 40 of gestation, the average sow was too wide for the rear of the crate when lying in a recumbent position. On day 110 of gestation, 95% of the mean sow body depths would be accommodated in stalls that were 674 mm wide; however, the range in body sizes with increasing parity number suggests the use of more than one stall width would be appropriate. Sow weight could be estimated with an adjusted R 2 value of 0.81 and with a residual standard deviation (r.s.d.) of 16.5 kg using heart girth alone, or more accurately using a model with parity, day of gestation, P2 backfat depth and heart girth as the parameters (R 2 5 0.89, r.s.d. 12.4 kg).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Measuring changes in physical size and predicting weight of sows during gestation

O'Connell

Lynch

Bertholot³

et al. 2007

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3 Try/LNAA = tryptophan / LNAA. 4 Tyr/LNAA = tyrosine / (isoleucine + leucine + valine + phenylalanine + tryptophan). T P = 0.09; * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, sows must mobilize fat and protein reserves [3,4]. The extent of body reserve mobilization depends on the amplitude and the nature of the nutritional deficit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: II. Consequences on reproductive performance and interactions with metabolic status

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The hypothesis that the restriction of dietary protein during lactation has different impacts on reproductive performance in light and heavy sows at farrowing was investigated, as well as the relationships between reproductive parameters and sow metabolic data. At farrowing, 38 primiparous sows were assigned to one of three groups: sows weighing 180 kg not restricted in dietary protein during lactation (180CP); sows weighing 180 or 240 kg restricted in protein (180LP and 240LP). Twenty-four sows were catheterized and serial blood samples were collected 1 d before and 1 d after weaning. The sows were inseminated at the first estrus after weaning and slaughtered at d 30 of gestation. Protein restriction reduced the proportion of sows that returned to estrus within 8 d after weaning in the 180LP sows (P < 0.03), but not in the 240LP sows. It also induced a reduction in ovulation rate in the 180LP sows (P < 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, in the 240LP sows (P = 0.12). When the sows were categorized according to return to estrus (WOI ≤ 8 or > 8 d), basal and mean concentrations of LH increased after weaning only in sows with a short WOI. Sows with a delayed estrus exhibited a higher ratio of plasma tyrosine to large neutral amino acids (AA, P < 0.01). In conclusion, large body reserves at farrowing buffer, at least in part, the detrimental effect of a strongly negative nitrogen balance on reproduction. We suggest that the alteration of AA profiles induced by dietary protein restriction and body protein loss alters LH secretion via modifications of the neurotransmitters involved in GnRH secretion.sow / rearing / lactation / protein intake / amino acid / reproductive performance

show abstract

“…Primiparous sows generally mobilize body reserves to meet the high energy and nutrient requirements for milk production [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: I. Consequences on sow metabolic status and litter growth

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The hypothesis that the restriction of dietary protein during lactation has different impacts on sow metabolic status and milk production according to body weight was evaluated. From 5-months of age until farrowing, the gilts were fed to achieve body weights of 180 or 240 kg at farrowing. At this time, 38 sows were assigned to one of three groups: "180 kg" sows not restricted in dietary protein during lactation (180CP); "180 kg" restricted in protein (180LP), or "240 kg" sows restricted in protein (240LP). Catheters were fitted in the jugular vein of 24 sows and serial blood samples were collected 1 d before and 1 d after weaning. Amongst the protein-restricted animals, heavy sows (240LP) had a smaller appetite than light sows in early lactation, resulting in lower energy and protein intakes in the 240LP than in the 180LP sows. Body protein losses were 8, 11 and 13.5% of calculated body protein mass at farrowing in the 180CP, 180LP and 240LP sows, respectively. At the end of lactation, IGF-I concentrations were lower in the 180LP than in the sows from the other groups, probably because of the uncoupling between GH and IGF-I secretions. Low IGF-I concentrations likely promote lean tissue mobilization. Glucose and insulin profiles suggested an insulin resistance state in the 240LP sows compared with the 180LP sows, which may explain, at least in part, the lower feed intake and body reserve mobilization in these sows. Plasma pre-and post-prandial concentrations of amino acids in late lactation differed among the three treatment groups. Throughout lactation, litters from the 180LP and 240LP sows had a slower growth rate than litters from sows which were not restricted, suggesting that endogenous protein mobilization throughout lactation does not completely compensate for a low protein intake. sow / live weight / lactation / protein intake / IGF-I / insulin

show abstract

Energy utilization in pregnant and lactating sows: modeling of energy requirements.

Cited by 193 publications

References 23 publications

Measuring changes in physical size and predicting weight of sows during gestation

Measuring changes in physical size and predicting weight of sows during gestation

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: II. Consequences on reproductive performance and interactions with metabolic status

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: I. Consequences on sow metabolic status and litter growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About