“…tons of product) (e.g. Worrell et al 1994;Patterson 1998;Rafiqul et al 2005;Salta et al 2009). SEC is mostly determined at country/sector level (e.g.…”
There are large differences between paper mills in, e.g. feedstock use and grades produced, but typical processes are similar in all mills. The aim of this study is to benchmark the specific energy consumption (SEC) of similar processes within different paper mills in order to identify energy improvement potentials at process level. We have defined improvement potentials as measures that can be taken at mill/ process level under assumed fixed inputs and outputs. We were able to use industrial data on detailed process level, and we conducted energy benchmarking comparisons in 23 Dutch paper mills. We calculated average SECs per process step for different paper grades, and we were able to identify ranges in SECs between mills producing the same grade. We found significant opportunities for energy efficiency improvement in the wire and press section as well as in the drying section. The total energy improvement potential based on identified best practices in these sections was estimated at 5.4 PJ (or 15 % of the total primary energy use in the selected mills). Energy use in the other processes was found to be too dependent on quality and product specifications to be able to quantify improvement potentials. Our results emphasise that even a benchmark on detailed process level does not lead to clear estimations of energy improvement potentials without accounting for structural effects and without having a decent understanding of the process.
“…tons of product) (e.g. Worrell et al 1994;Patterson 1998;Rafiqul et al 2005;Salta et al 2009). SEC is mostly determined at country/sector level (e.g.…”
There are large differences between paper mills in, e.g. feedstock use and grades produced, but typical processes are similar in all mills. The aim of this study is to benchmark the specific energy consumption (SEC) of similar processes within different paper mills in order to identify energy improvement potentials at process level. We have defined improvement potentials as measures that can be taken at mill/ process level under assumed fixed inputs and outputs. We were able to use industrial data on detailed process level, and we conducted energy benchmarking comparisons in 23 Dutch paper mills. We calculated average SECs per process step for different paper grades, and we were able to identify ranges in SECs between mills producing the same grade. We found significant opportunities for energy efficiency improvement in the wire and press section as well as in the drying section. The total energy improvement potential based on identified best practices in these sections was estimated at 5.4 PJ (or 15 % of the total primary energy use in the selected mills). Energy use in the other processes was found to be too dependent on quality and product specifications to be able to quantify improvement potentials. Our results emphasise that even a benchmark on detailed process level does not lead to clear estimations of energy improvement potentials without accounting for structural effects and without having a decent understanding of the process.
“…The use of LMDI to separate the effects of key components on energy end-use trends over time is well documented in the literature (Chunlan et al, 2008;Bhattacharyya and Ussanarassamee 2005;Reddy and Ray 2010;Lermit and Jollands, 2007, Salta, et al 2009, Ang, 2004. Evidence from energy analysts such as Ang et al (2010), Inglesi-lotz and Blignaut (2011) and Liu and Ang (2003) revealed that the LMDI method is recognized as superior in comparative studies involving other decomposition methods.…”
Section: Methodology Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (Lmdi)mentioning
This paper analysed the status of energy intensity of economic sectors (agriculture, industry, commercial, residential) in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey)
“…There are mainly two types of decomposition methodologies, namely the index decomposition analysis (IDA) [20,21,16] and the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) [22]. The main difference between these two methods is that SDA can explain indirect effects of the final demand by dividing an economy into different sectors and commodities, and examining the effects on them individually [22] while IDA explains only direct (firstround) effects to the economy.…”
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