Energy, Transportation and Global Warming

Grammelis, Panagiotis

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30127-3

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 323 publications

(395 reference statements)

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“…The results showed that productivity increased by 1.84 times when the air gap distance decreased from 0.45 m to 0.15 m [7]. The effect of two air gap distances (6.6 cm and 26.6 cm) with a water depth of 1 cm was examined at a location of 13 • N and 80 • E [8,9]. Their results showed that the productivity of the distillate freshwater increased when the average air gap distance of the solar still was decreased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing a Single-Slope Solar Still for Fresh-Water Production in the Deserts of Arid Regions: An Experimental and Numerical Approach

Al-Helal,

Alsadon,

Marey

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Solar desalination is a promising sustainable solution to overcome the scarcity of fresh water in the deserts of arid regions. The productivity of a solar still depends mainly on its design parameters and the meteorological conditions of its location (longitude and latitude angles). Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the main design parameters of a single-slope solar still for freshwater production in the arid climate of the central region of Saudi Arabia (24°4′ N, 32.89° E). Experiments were conducted on four identical solar stills, with the same basin surface area and air gap distances (d) of 14, 16, 18, and 20 cm, respectively. The stills operated using three basin water depths (h) of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm on clear sunny days. The performance and productivity of the four stills were evaluated. The results showed that reducing the air gap distance (d) and water depth (h) significantly enhanced the distillate freshwater yield, and the optimum ratio of the length/width is 2 and of the back/front wall height is 3.65. Specifically, at a low water depth (h) of 0.5 cm, the daily distillate yield of the solar still increased by about 11% when the air gap distance (d) decreased from 20 to 14 cm. For the lowest air gap distance (d) of 14 cm, the distillate yield increased by about 23% when h decreased from 1.5 to 0.5 cm. Using the measured parameters, several numerical correlations have been developed to estimate the desalination rate (mc) as a function of the solar irradiance (Is) and ambient temperature (Tam). The developed correlations can be used successfully to estimate the values of mc instead of the prohibitive experimental measurements. The stills showed excellent performance in the arid climate and reduced water salinity from 31,250 to 495 ppm. This should encourage decision-makers to expand investment in solar desalination to sustainably develop the deserts of arid regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing a Single-Slope Solar Still for Fresh-Water Production in the Deserts of Arid Regions: An Experimental and Numerical Approach

Al-Helal,

Alsadon,

Marey

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…CC can affect biodiversity (Sala et al, 2000), public health (Hashim & Hashim, 2016;Kovats & Haines, 1995;McMichael et al, 2003;McMichael et al, 2006;Mills, 2009;Patz et al, 2000), human conflicts (Lee, 2009;Mach et al, 2019), agronomic production (Brouder & Volenec, 2008;Huntingford et al, 2005), tourism (Becken & Hay, 2007;Shurland & Jong, 2008), energy production (Steyn et al, 2014;Richter, 2010), transportation (Lucas & Pangbourne, 2012;Grammelis, 2016), fishery (Phillips & Pérez-Ramírez, 2018), etc. CC may enhance the severity and damaging potential of tropical cyclones, hurricanes, droughts, wildfires, floods, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Changes: Fact or Fake? Low-Cost Hands-On Experiments to Verify It

Suarez-Fontes¹,

Almeida-Silva²,

Fontes³

et al. 2022

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Climate changes (CC) remain a polemic topic, often causing conflicts. Scientific data indicate that the average planet temperature is rising mainly for anthropogenic actions, but this understanding must be widespread to influence the public opinion on attitudes and policymaking. Since our brains did not evolve to respond to slow/complex threats, as CC, we designed rapid, simple, interactive, hands-on educative activities. Inexpensive/reused material was employed to demonstrate the atmospheric alterations effects on global warming. We used plastic cake boxes with analogical thermometers or digital thermohygrometers and CO 2 release by effervescent tablets to mimic the greenhouse effect. The system demonstrates the influence of CO 2 , water vapor, smoke, weather, etc. on the air temperature and humidity. CO 2 enhanced temperatures within the boxes, by up to 6˚C. Interestingly, in the presence of vegetation, increased temperatures were associated with decreased air humidity and simultaneous water condensation on the box cover, apparently indicating increased evaporation and water drop formation. Educators of different disciplines (Earth Science, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Environmental Education, Ecology, etc.) and students can perform simple, transdisciplinary, hands-on activities within 50 min, evaluating different factors on the air temperature, and promoting transdisciplinary discussions during classes. In addition, the public can rapidly grasp CC principles in science fairs, promoting science literacy.

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