Energy-transfer upconversion and thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF laser crystals

Hardman, P.J.; Clarkson, W.A.; Friel, G.J.; Pollnau, Markus; Hanna, D.C.

doi:10.1109/3.753670

Cited by 154 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The thermal lens in the -polarisation for laser transition at 1053 nm was about 2.3 weaker than -polarisation for laser transition at 1047 nm [14]. It was concluded that 1053 nm Nd: YLF exhibited a netto positive thermal lens at high pump powers, which were attributed to the positive lensing from end-face bulging being slightly more pronounced than the negative one [13,15]. However, the presence of stronger negative lens in the (-polarization) direction in addition to other polarization direction leaded to thermally astigmatic induced lens.…”

Section: Thermally Induced Lens and Resonator Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Nd +3 . This low dopant concentration helped reduce the fracture risk of Nd: YLF laser rod and possible upconversion processes instead of the typical 1%-1.2% [13]. The rod was pumped from one end at the wavelength of 805 nm.…”

Section: Temperature and Stress Distributions In End-pumped Nd: Ylf Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Nd: YLF suffers a low thermally-induced stress fracture limit [6], restricting its power-scalability. Thermal effects in end and side pumped solid state lasers have been widely investigated since 1970 by Kochner to date [7][8][9][10], however, for our materials of interest Nd: YLF only few works have been reported [11][12][13][14]. This paper focuses on the analysis of thermal effect in Nd: YLF laser rods and its lasing characteristics at 1053 nm -polarization (electric field E  c-axis) rather than 1074 nm -polarization (electric field E  c-axis).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm

El-Agmy

Al-Hosiny

2017

Photonic Sens

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Abstract:We have numerically analyzed the thermal effects in Nd: YLF laser rod. The calculations of temperature and stress distributions in the Nd: YLF laser rod was performed with finite element (FE) simulations. The calculations showed that the laser rod could be pumped up to a power of 40 W without fracture caused by thermal stress. The calculated thermal lens power of thermally induced lens in Nd: YLF (-polarization) laser rod was analyzed and validated experimentally with two independent techniques. A Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer were used for direct measurements of focal thermal lens at different pump powers. The obtained measurements were coinciding with the FE simulations.

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Section: Thermally Induced Lens and Resonator Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Temperature and Stress Distributions In End-pumped Nd: Ylf Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm

El-Agmy

Al-Hosiny

2017

Photonic Sens

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“…In this sense, several papers have investigated losses in Nd 3+ -doped materials as function of pump intensity in order to elucidate the upconversion mechanisms occurring in laser and amplifiers. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Guyot and coworkers obtained the excited state absorption ͑ESA͒ spectra of Nd 3+ in the single crystals Y 3 Al 5 O 12 , LiYF 4 , and LaMgAl 11 O 19 . 5 They observed that the discrepancies between the net gain cross section and the stimulated emission cross section could not be explained only by ESA losses.…”

Section: Ndmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upconversion in Nd3+-doped glasses: Microscopic theory and spectroscopic measurements

Oliveira

Sousa

Andrade

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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Infrared emissivity of tin upon release of a 25 GPa shock into a lithium fluoride window J. Appl. Phys. 110, 103510 (2011) Microcavity effects in SiGe/Si heterogeneous nanostructures prepared by electrochemical anodization of SiGe/Si multiple quantum wells J. Appl. Phys. 110, 103101 (2011) Microstructure, optical property, and electronic band structure of cuprous oxide thin films J. Appl. Phys. 110, 103503 (2011) Suppression of luminescence quenching at the nanometer scale in Gd2O3 doped with Eu3+ or Tb3+: Systematic comparison between nanometric and macroscopic samples of life-time, quantum yield, radiative and nonradiative decay rates J. Appl. Phys. 110, 094317 (2011) Influence of local atomic configuration in AlGdN phosphor thin films on deep ultra-violet luminescence intensity J. Appl. Phys. 110, 093108 (2011) Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. In this work, we report a systematic investigation of upconversion losses and their effects on fluorescence quantum efficiency and fractional thermal loading in Nd 3+ -doped fluoride glasses. The energy transfer upconversion ͑␥ up ͒ parameter, which describes upconversion losses, was experimentally determined using different methods: thermal lens ͑TL͒ technique and steady state luminescence ͑SSL͒ measurements. Additionally, the upconversion parameter was also obtained from energy transfer models and excited state absorption measurements. The results reveal that the microscopic treatment provided by the energy transfer models is similar to the macroscopic ones achieved from the TL and SSL measurements because similar ␥ up parameters were obtained. Besides, the achieved results also point out the migration-assisted energy transfer according to diffusion-limited regime rather than hopping regime as responsible for the upconversion losses in Nd-doped glasses.

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“…There are several approaches used to estimate the thermal lens in end-pumped lasers, such as pump power or cavity stability test [9 -11], interferometric methods [12,13], and probe-beam techniques [14,15]. For a laser resonator with a plane end-mirror there must be a beam waist positioned at its surface.…”

Section: Laser Characterization Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal lensing characterization of a high-radiance 946nm planar waveguide laser

Mackenzie

2012

SPIE Proceedings

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Abstract:We present the characterization of the in-plane thermal lens in a quasi-four-level Nd:YAG planar waveguide (PW) laser configured for high-radiance operation with an external stable-cavity. Our approach utilises the measurement of the laser's output irradiance distribution at the near-and far-field positions concurrently in order to obtain the "real time" beam propagation parameter and thus beam quality factor, M 2 . Coupled with the knowledge of the intra-cavity-thermallens-dependent beam sizes at an intra-cavity beam waist, the power dependent effective thermal lens focal length was characterized. A thermal lens focal length of >450 mm was obtained at all incident pump powers up to the maximum level of 87 W. This characterization enabled the build of a 29 W 946 nm PW laser with a record output radiance of 4.3 TWm -2 sr -1 .

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Energy-transfer upconversion and thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF laser crystals

Cited by 154 publications

References 17 publications

Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm

Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm

Upconversion in Nd3+-doped glasses: Microscopic theory and spectroscopic measurements

Thermal lensing characterization of a high-radiance 946nm planar waveguide laser

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