Energy transfer between rare earth ions in tungstates

Excited states and energy transfer from donor cations to rare earths in the condensed phase

“…Energy transfer between rare earth ions in tungstates was studied extensively by Van Uitert (37) who concluded that the dipole-dipole and dipole-quadrupole interactions predominate in this matrix.…”

Optical properties and energy transfer of Eu2+/Ce3+ co‐activated Na3Ca6(PO4)5 phosphor

“…where I is the emission intensity of the activator, x is the Eu 2+ concentration, k and β are constants for a given host in the same excitation condition, θ = 3 stands for the energy transfer among the nearest neighbor ions, whereas θ = 6, 8 and 10 represent the dipole-dipole, dipole-quadrupole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions, respectively (11). Taking the logarithm of the above equation, the linear relationship between log(I/x) and log(x) with a slope of (-θ/3) was obtained.…”

Enhanced luminescence properties and energy transfer in novel Ce3+ and Tb3+ co-doped Na3La2(BO3)3 green-emitting phosphor

“…The critical distance between the sensitizer and activator should be shorter than 5Å in exchange interaction energy transfer [9]. The critical distance R 0 for energy transfer from Ce 3 þ to Tb 3 þ can be calculated from the following equation by Van Uitert [9]:…”