Energy transfer between<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Er</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tm</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:

Yeh, D. C.; Petrin, Roger R.; Sibley, W. A.; Madigou, V.; Adam, Jean-Luc; Suscavage, Michael J.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.39.80

Cited by 150 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…1, where the corresponding energy levels are marked. Absorption bands of Er 3+ and Tm 3+ ions are all due to electron transitions from their ground states 4 I 15/2 and 3 H 6 to the levels specified, respectively, and band positions are similar to Er 3+ -Tm 3+ codoped fluoride glasses [7]. The absorption spectra of all the samples used in this study are similar.…”

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confidence: 52%

Broadband near-infrared emission in Er^3+-Tm^3+ codoped chalcohalide glasses

Chen

Wang

et al. 2008

Opt. Lett.

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The near-IR emission spectra of Er 3+ -Tm 3+ codoped 70GeS 2 -20In 2 S 3 -10CsI chalcohalide glasses were studied with an 808 nm laser as an excitation source. A broad emission extending from 1.35 to 1.7 m with a FWHM of ϳ160 nm was recorded in a 0.1 mol.% Er 2 S 3 , 0.5 mol.% Tm 2 S 3 codoped chalcohalide glass. The fluorescence decay curves of glasses were measured by monitoring the emissions of Tm 3+ at 1460 nm and Er 3+ at 1540 nm, and the lifetimes were obtained from the first-order exponential fit. The luminescence mechanism and the possible energy-transfer processes are discussed with respect to the energy-level dia The rapid development of the telecommunications industry and the demand for having additional amounts of information transmitted over the current existing fiber-optic networks have stimulated the need for wider band transmission. In particular, the application of dense wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is growing in popular use. In common applications of erbium-doped silica-based amplifiers today, the characteristics of the erbium spectra have constrained the bandwidth of the spectra of the amplifiers. To improve this constraint, researchers look to multiple rare-earth (RE) ions codoping [1,2]. The Tm 3+ emission ( 3 H 4 → 3 F 4 transition) around 1470 nm allows a band extension in the spectral range corresponding to the S-band amplifier region, on the short wavelength side of the conventional Erdoped fiber amplifier C ϩ L bands at 1530-1570 nm [2]. However, silica and most silica-based glasses are not as suitable for Tm-gain devices as they are for Er ones. This is due to the fact that the transition Tm 3+ : 3 H 4 → 3 F 4 suffers appreciable multiphonon deexcitation because of the relatively high maximum phonon energy ͑1100 cm −1 ͒ of these glasses [1,3]. Therefore, the host matrix having low phonon energy to minimize multiphonon relaxation becomes essential. Chalcogenide glass is one of the most promising candidates because of its low phonon energy. Moreover, the addition of halides into sulfide glass dramatically improves the radiative properties of RE ions [4,5].For this Letter, Er 3+ -Tm 3+ codoped chalcohalide glasses were prepared, and their broad emissions in the near-IR region were investigated using the pump excitation at 808 nm. The possible energy transfer processes between Er 3+ and Tm 3+ ions are also discussed.Glasses were prepared in 6 g batches from highpurity elements (Ge, In, and S, 5N) and compounds (CsI, Tm 2 S 3 , and Er 2 S 3 , 3N). The host glass was 70GeS 2 -20In 2 S 3 -10CsI (mol.%), which was chosen from [6]. Tm and Er of different contents were codoped as (mol.%): 0.25Tm 2 S 3 -0.05Er 2 S 3 (G1), and xTm 2 S 3 -0.1Er 2 S 3 [x = 0.25 (G2), 0.5 (G3), and 1.0 (G4)] The batches were melted at 950°C in evacuated ͑10−5 Pa͒ fused-silica ampules for 12 h and then quenched in water. The obtained glass samples were annealed at 300°C for 2 h. Samples with size of 10 ϫ 10ϫ 2 mm 3 were well polished to good optical quality. The absorption spectrum of the sample was performe...

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confidence: 52%

Broadband near-infrared emission in Er^3+-Tm^3+ codoped chalcohalide glasses

Chen

Wang

et al. 2008

Opt. Lett.

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“…[1][2][3] Frequency upconversion in a variety of Tm 3ϩ doped materials was also investigated in the past. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Of particular interest is the possibility of obtaining strong blue emission from Tm 3ϩ doped materials pumped in the red and in the infrared. Upconversion laser emission and amplified spontaneous emission studies have been reported for Tm 3ϩ doped optical fibers and channel waveguides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical spectroscopy and frequency upconversion properties of Tm3+ doped tungstate fluorophosphate glasses

Poirier

Jerez

Araújo

et al. 2003

Journal of Applied Physics

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Tungstate fluorophosphate glasses of good optical quality were synthesized by fusion of the components and casting under air atmosphere. The absorption spectra from near-infrared to visible were obtained and the Judd-Ofelt parameters determined from the absorption bands. Transition probabilities, excited state lifetimes and transition branching ratios were determined from the measurements. Pumping with a 354.7 nm beam from a pulsed laser resulted in emission at 450 nm due to transition 1 D 2 → 3 F 4 in Tm 3ϩ ions and a broadband emission centered at Ϸ550 nm attributed to the glass matrix. When pumping at 650 nm, two emission bands at 450 nm ( 1 D 2 → 3 F 4 ) and at 790 nm ( 3 H 4 → 3 H 6 ) were observed. Excitation spectra were also obtained in order to understand the origin of both emissions. Theoretical and experimental lifetimes were determined and the results were explained in terms of multiphonon relaxation.

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“…In our previous works [31,32], we presented the numerical model of Er 3+ -Tm 3+ codoped telluride fiber amplifier pumped at 800 nm and calculated the dependence of the gains at 1470 nm and 1530 nm bands on the fiber parameters, and analyzed the transmission performance of the WDM system based on the codoped amplifier. Although the rate equations of Er 3+ -Tm 3+ , Er 3+ -Yb 3+ -Tm 3+ -codoped fluoride glasses was reported in [15], the equations just considered the upconversion of infrared to visible light for display system, did not consider the spontaneous and stimulated emissions of 1470 nm, 1530 nm, and 1630 nm bands. Other references on this codoped system just concentrated on the spectral properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports on emission properties of Er 3+ -Tm 3+ -codoped silicate and telluride fibers showed that the combination of the emission at 1500 nm windows with that at 1400 nm windows in a single fiber may generate a large seamless emission spectra with emission width up to 200 nm in the codoped system [10][11][12][13][14]. The upconversion and energy transfer in Yb 3+ -Er 3+ -Tm 3+ -and Er 3+ -Tm 3+ -codoped glasses were reported [15]. Energy transfer and upconversion luminescence of Bismuth, Tm 3+ /Ho 3+ , Tb 3+ /Yb 3+ , Er 3+ /Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ -codoped inorganic materials for display systems were reported [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of 980 nm-LD-Pumped Yb³⁺-Er³⁺-Tm³⁺-Codoped Fiber Amplifier for 1500 nm and 1600 nm Bands

Jiang

2009

Advances in OptoElectronics

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The theoretical model of Yb 3+ -Er 3+ -Tm 3+ -codoped fiber amplifier pumped by 980 nm laser is proposed, and the rate and power propagation equations are numerically solved to analyze the dependences of the gains at 1500 nm and 1600 nm bands on the activator concentrations, fiber length, pump power, and signal wavelength. The numerical results show that our model is in good agreement with experimental result, and with pump power of 200 mW and fiber length varying from 0.15 to 1.5 m, the gains at the two bands may reach 10.0-20.0 dB when the codoping concentrations of Yb 3+ , Er 3+ , and Tm 3+ are in the ranges 1.0-3.0 × 10 25 , 1.0-3.0 × 10 24 , and 1.0-3.0 × 10 24 ions/m 3 , respectively. The fiber parameters may be optimized to flatten the gain spectra.

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Energy transfer betweenEr3+andTm3+

Cited by 150 publications

References 36 publications

Broadband near-infrared emission in Er^3+-Tm^3+ codoped chalcohalide glasses

Broadband near-infrared emission in Er^3+-Tm^3+ codoped chalcohalide glasses

Optical spectroscopy and frequency upconversion properties of Tm3+ doped tungstate fluorophosphate glasses

Numerical Simulation of 980 nm-LD-Pumped Yb³⁺-Er³⁺-Tm³⁺-Codoped Fiber Amplifier for 1500 nm and 1600 nm Bands

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Energy transfer betweenEr3+andTm3+

Cited by 150 publications

References 36 publications

Broadband near-infrared emission in Er^3+-Tm^3+ codoped chalcohalide glasses

Broadband near-infrared emission in Er^3+-Tm^3+ codoped chalcohalide glasses

Optical spectroscopy and frequency upconversion properties of Tm3+ doped tungstate fluorophosphate glasses

Numerical Simulation of 980 nm-LD-Pumped Yb3+-Er3+-Tm3+-Codoped Fiber Amplifier for 1500 nm and 1600 nm Bands

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Numerical Simulation of 980 nm-LD-Pumped Yb³⁺-Er³⁺-Tm³⁺-Codoped Fiber Amplifier for 1500 nm and 1600 nm Bands