Energy Transfer Assisted Fast X‐ray Detection in Direct/Indirect Hybrid Perovskite Wafer

Abstract

Metal halide perovskite scintillators encounter unprecedented opportunities in indirect ionizing radiation detection due to their high quantum yields. However, the long scintillation lifetime of microseconds upon irradiation, known as the afterglow phenomenon, obviously limits their fast development. Here, a new type of hybrid X-ray detector wafer combining direct methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) semiconductor and indirect zero-dimensional cesium copper iodide (Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 ) scintillator through low-cost fast tableting processes is reported. Due to the fast energy transfer from Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 to MAPbI 3 , the device response time to X-rays is dramatically reduced by nearly 30 times to 36.6 ns, which enables fast X-ray detection capability by a large area detector arrays within 1 s. Moreover, Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 exists at the grain boundaries of MAPbI 3 crystals, and blocks the paths of mobile ions of perovskite, leading to the lowest detectable dose rate of hybrid X-ray detector is thus reduced by 1.5 times compared with control MAPbI 3 direct-type semiconductor, and 10 times compared with the Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 indirect-type scintillator. The direct/indirect hybrid wafer also exhibits improved operation stability at ambient conditions without any encapsulation. This new kind of hybrid X-ray detectors provides strong competitiveness by combining the advantages of both direct perovskite semiconductors and indirect perovskite scintillators for next-generation products.

Halide Perovskite: A Promising Candidate for Next‐Generation X‐Ray Detectors

“…[182] In addition, Liu et al reported a new hybridwafer X-ray detector that combines the direct-type MAPbI 3 and the indirect-type 0D Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 luminescent body through a lowcost rapid tablet pressing process (Figure 27d-f). [183] Because of the rapid energy transfer between Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 and MAPbI 3 , the response speed of the device to X-rays is greatly shortened by ≈30 times, reaching 36.6 ns, so that the large-area detector array has the capability of fast X-ray detection within 1 s. In addition, Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 occurs at the grain boundary of MAPbI 3 blocking the path of ion migration, so that the detection limit of this Xray detector is 1.5× smaller than that of the direct-type MAPbI 3 and 10× lower than that of the indirect-type Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 scintillator. The direct/indirect hybrid wafers also show higher operational stability in the environment without packaging.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [183] Copyright 2022, John Wiley and Sons. benefits including 1D crystal structure, the congruent-melting feature, and the highly matching to spectral response of some universal photodetectors, such material shows high application potential in light-emitting devices.…”

“…f) Photograph and X-ray image of a pen nib. Reproduced with permission [183]. Copyright 2022, John Wiley and Sons.…”

Gamma-Ray Irradiation Stability of Zero-Dimensional Cs3Cu2I5 Metal Halide Scintillator Single Crystals

“…The PL lifetime of 961 ns is comparable to the reported values of single crystals obtained through the solution method. 31,34 Based on the obtained crystals with good crystalline quality, we explored the total ionizing dose effect of gamma rays on Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 single crystals. A 60 Co gamma-ray source with an average energy of 1.25 MeV was used.…”

What Can Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD‐OES) Technique Tell Us about Perovskite Solar Cells?

“…In the last decade, 3D metal halide perovskites (PVKs), with ABX 3 general formula (where A is a mono valent organic or inorganic cation, such as FA + (formamidinium), MA + (methylam monium) or Cs + (cesium), B is a metal cation, such as Pb 2+ or Sn 2+ , and X is an halogen) (Figure 1a), have emerged as one of the most promising families of mate rials for applications in various fields such as lasers, light emitting diodes, photode tectors, scintillation, and photovoltaic solar cells. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] This material family exhibits excellent optoelectronic properties, tun able bandgap, long charge carrier lifetime, lowcost and mildtemperature solution processability. [16] To date, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved record effi ciency of over 25%.…”