Energy Systems

doi:10.1017/9781009157926.008

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 765 publications

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“…BEVs, once considered impractical for MHDVs, have experienced significant cost reductions and technology improvements over the last decade, largely driven by reductions in battery costs. 3 , 4 BEVs also offer performance advantages that can improve safety, reliability, and driver retention. 5 The main drawbacks for medium- and heavy-duty BEVs remain their lower ranges, longer recharge times, and higher purchase prices compared to incumbent ICEVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, limited feedstock supply, unintended environmental consequences, and high costs could hinder the growth of sustainable biofuels, while significant electricity requirements, uncertain technology timelines, and high production costs could limit the role of e-fuels. 4 Low-carbon fuels might eventually provide a solution for MHDV applications that prove especially challenging to decarbonize (through BEVs or FCEVs), as well as an opportunity to reduce emissions for legacy ICEVs as the transition to ZEVs unfolds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Road to zero: Research and industry perspectives on zero-emission commercial vehicles

et al. 2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road to zero: Research and industry perspectives on zero-emission commercial vehicles

et al. 2023

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“…In 2021, the latter represented 10% of electricity production globally, 25% in the European Union, and up to 69% in France. Nuclear power is both low-carbon and dispatchable, which makes it a suitable candidate for a decarbonized portfolio, but is not devoid of controversies, namely, the multihazard risk and magnitude of power plant accidents, potential impacts of uranium mining, the feasibility of long-term storage of highly radioactive waste, the potential contribution of that technology to decarbonize national grids, − or nuclear proliferation risks …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Life Cycle Assessment of Nuclear Power for Simplified Models

Gibon,

Hahn Menacho

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Electrifying the global economy is accepted as a main decarbonization lever to reach the Paris Agreement targets. The IEA’s 2050 Net Zero transition pathways all involve some degree of nuclear power, highlighting its potential as a low-carbon electricity source. Greenhouse gas emissions of nuclear power reported in the life cycle assessment literature vary widely, from a few grams of CO 2 equivalents to more than 100 g/kWh, globally. The reasons for such a variation are often misunderstood when reported and used by policymakers. To fill this gap, one can make LCA models explicit, exploring the role of the most significant parameters, and develop simplified models for the scientific community, policymakers, and the public. We developed a parametric cradle-to-grave life cycle model with 20 potentially significant variables: ore grade, extraction technique, enrichment technique, and power plant construction requirements, among others. Average GHG emissions of global nuclear power in 2020 are found to be 6.1 g CO 2 equiv/kWh, whereas pessimistic and optimistic scenarios provide extreme values of 5.4–122 g CO 2 equiv/kWh. We also provide simplified models, one per environmental impact indicator, which can be used to estimate environmental impacts of electricity generated by a pressurized water reactor without running the full-scale model.

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“…Decarbonizing electricity generation is critical to reaching a net-zero emissions economy and stabilizing climate change (Audoly et al, 2018;Azevedo et al, 2021;Bistline and Blanford, 2021;Clarke et al, 2022;DeAngelo et al, 2021). Carbon-free electricity can reduce emissions directly, as power generation is responsible for almost 24% of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions globally (Dhakal et al, 2022), and indirectly, as the electrification of energy use in transport, buildings, and low heat industry sector would reduce emissions from these sectors that emit 40% of GHG globally (Dhakal et al, 2022) Despite promising growth in renewables, the power sector is still the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions growth globally (IEA, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Energy Planning Consistent with Climate Goals? Assessing Future Emissions from Power Plants in Latin America and the Caribbean

Marinkovic,

Vogt-Schilb

2023

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At least ten Latin American and Caribbean countries have pledged to achieve carbon neutrality. Has electricity planning in the region evolved towards reaching these goals? We compare power generation capacity in 2023 to announced plans in 2019. We then estimate committed emissions from existing and planned power plants that is emissions that would result from the normal operations of these plants during their typical lifetime and compare them to emissions from power generation in published IPCC scenarios. We find that fossil fuel planned capacity has decreased by 47% since 2019, mainly due to the cancellation of 50% of coal and 40% of gas projects, compared to only 32% of renewable energy projects. But existing plants in the region will emit 6.7 GtCO2 during their lifespan, and if all planned plants are built, they will add 4.9 GtCO2, totaling 11.6 GtCO2, exceeding median carbon budgets for 1.5 and 2C-consistent IPCC pathways (2.3 and 4.3 GtCO2). Natural gas power plants are the largest contributor to existing (62%) and planned (75%) emissions (versus 24% and 23% for coal). We evaluate emissions reduction strategies to achieve carbon budgets. Assuming no new coal plants comes into operation, announced gas and oil projects are canceled at the same rate as in the past four years, all fossil fueled plant lifetimes are reduced by 10 years, and all new natural gas displaces existing coal, committed emissions fall by 59%, almost meeting the 2C budget, but still twice as large as the median 1.5C budget. Our results suggest that while progress is being made, energy planning in the region is not yet consistent with global climate goals as reflected by the IPCC scenario database.

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Energy Systems

Cited by 26 publications

References 765 publications

Road to zero: Research and industry perspectives on zero-emission commercial vehicles

Road to zero: Research and industry perspectives on zero-emission commercial vehicles

Parametric Life Cycle Assessment of Nuclear Power for Simplified Models

Is Energy Planning Consistent with Climate Goals? Assessing Future Emissions from Power Plants in Latin America and the Caribbean

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