Energy Suppression and Fission Product Transport in Pressure-Suppression Pools.

Stanford, L.E.; Webster, C.C.

doi:10.2172/4681586

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…While the error introduced by this assumption is of uncertain magnitude; based on the experience of the present test program it is not likely to be greater than 10%. The agreement of the measurements of Stanford and Webster (1972) with the other results is not good at the shorter penetration lengths but appears to be improving as the value of the abscissa increases. For the present test results, Figure 3, the three liquids give about the same results in spite of a rather large variation of Prandtl number ( Table 1 ) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…A portion of the data obtained by Stanford and Webster (1972), which satisfies the above criteria, is also shown in Figure 3. The specific range of these tests is summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The range of the data points influenced by this uncertainty is indicated in Figure 3. Stanford and Webster (1972) also did not explicitly measure conditions at the exit of the injector. Therefore, it was necessary to assume that the steam left the injector as a saturated vapor in order to compute the abscissa of the plot for this data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average picture-to-picture standard deviation of the penetration length was 8% (range 2 to 15% ). As reported by Stanford and Webster (1972) and Kerney et al (1972), it was necessary to thoroughly degas the liquid in the system prior to testing. In the absence of this precaution, a cloud of gas bubbles would eminate from the condensing jet, obscuring the photographs.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past experimental work on this problem by Glikman (1959), Gilbert and Bozic (1966), Stanford and Webster (1972), and Kerney et al (1972), has been limited to the steam-water system with the bath at atmospheric pressure. Under these conditions, Kerney et al (1972) developed a correlation for the vapor penetration length (for choked injector flows) which included the effect of injector diameter, flow rate, and bath temperature.…”

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

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Penetration of vapor jets submerged in subcooled liquids

1973

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An experimental investigation of the penetration distance required for complete condensation of a submerged turbulent vapor jet injected into a quiescent liquid bath of the same material was made. The bath was maintained in a subcooled condition at a temperature below the boiling temperature of the liquid at the bath pressure. The experiments were limited to choked injector flows with the penetration regime such that buoyancy effects are negligible. Tests were run for water, ethylene glycol, and iso-octane over a range of flow rates and bath pressures. A theoretical expression for the vapor penetration distance was developed utilizing a variable density single fluid model for the two-phase flow, with the turbulent mixing process treated by an entrainment law. Corrections for the external expansion of the choked flow beyond the injector exit were also determined. This model was found to correlate the results of both the present experiments and those of earlier investigators over a wide range of operating conditions and injector geometries. SCOPEThe injection of a condensing or reacting gas into a liquid bath occurs in a variety of industrial operations. For example, the condensing jet has been considered for direct contact feedwater heaters, underwater propulsion systems, and for the blowdown of primary nuclear boiler systems into a water bath, without releasing fissionable materials to the atmosphere. Reacting jets are of interest in metal processing and also for thermal energy sources involving submerged injection of an oxidizer into a liquid metal bath. Other applications involve dissolving a gas in a bulk liquid phase.The present investigation considers the condensing jet problem and relates only by analogy to the other processes mentioned above. In this instance, the vapor jet enters a liquid bath of the same material which is in a subcooled condition at a temperature below the boiling temperature of the liquid at the pressure of the bath. The most distinctive feature of this injection process is that the condensation of the vapor causes the gaseous portion of the flow to extend (penetrate) only a finite distance into the liquid. The penetration length of the vapor is an important factor in system design, since it is ordinarily desirable that condensation be completed within the liquid bath. Therefore, the major objective of the present investigation was to establish a correlation for predicting the vapor penetration length over a wide range of operating conditions. Past experimental work on this problem by Glikman The present investigation extends this earlier work by considering in addition to the steam-water system, the liquid-vapor systems of ethylene glycol and iso-octane. The experiments also employed a liquid bath contained in a closed vessel so that the influence of varying bath pressure could be investigated. As in earlier investigations, tests were conducted over a range of bath temperatures and injector flow rates, The experiments were limited to choked injector flows, however, in order to avoid t...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…A portion of the data obtained by Stanford and Webster (1972), which satisfies the above criteria, is also shown in Figure 3. The specific range of these tests is summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

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Penetration of vapor jets submerged in subcooled liquids

1973

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Experimental study on stable steam condensation in a quenching tank

Kim

Bae

Song

et al. 2001

Int. J. Energy Res.

140

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SUMMARYExperimental study on direct contact condensation (DCC) of a stable steam discharging into a quenching tank with sub-cooled water has been performed for "ve di!erent sizes of horizontal nozzles over a wide range of steam mass #ux and pool temperature conditions. Two di!erent steam jet shapes (conical and ellipsoidal) were typically observed, depending on the steam mass #ux and the pool temperature. The steam jet expansion ratios, the dimensionless steam jet lengths, and the average heat transfer coe$cients were determined and the e!ects of steam mass #ux, pool temperature, and nozzle diameter on these parameters were discussed. Empirical correlations for the dimensionless steam jet length and the average heat transfer coe$cient as a function of steam mass #ux and condensation driving potential were established. The axial and radial temperature distributions in the steam jet and in the surrounding pool water were measured and the e!ects of steam mass #ux, pool temperature, and nozzle diameter on these parameters were also discussed.

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