Energy storage for photovoltaic power plants: Economic analysis for different ion‐lithium batteries

Abstract

Energy storage has been identified as a strategic solution to the operation management of the electric power system to guarantee the reliability, economic feasibility, and a low carbon footprint. In this sense, this article analyzes the economic feasibility of a storage system using different Li‐ion batteries applied to a real case of the photovoltaic power plant at Alto Rodrigues, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The System Advisor Model software was used to simulate the systems which allowed showing the difference between the revenue obtained from energy sales and the total generation cost. According to the results, the viability of the energy storage system can be achieved in different ways. The first way would be to reduce current investment costs in storage systems. In the second way, the energy sale price is higher than the current sale price. The third and fourth ways are a combination of cost storage reduction and the increase of energy sale price in different annual proportions.

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“…As a result, the DoD variation of the battery has a significant impact on the deterioration in the SoH of the battery. The LIB's life is terminated when the SoH reaches 0.8, which may be easily calculated using Equation (18). This indicates that if the deterioration of SoH is 2% per year, the battery's lifespan is 10 years.…”

“…Each component of the HRES is having its lifetime and should be replaced after that. The BESS life is calculated from Equation (18). The replacements of any component can be determined from Equation (37).…”

“…The performance of photovoltaic and wind systems is mostly determined by meteorological factors such as the speed of the wind, sun irradiation, and temperature which make the generated power from these sources unpredictable and intermittent. To remedy the volatile nature of these resources they have been connected with ESS and/or conventional generators (CG) like diesel generators, 8,9,[14][15][16][17] or gas turbines [18][19][20] power plants. Besides, the use of ESS or CGs, the use of DMS added substantial improvements to the HRES in terms of cost and reliability.…”

“…Besides, the use of ESS or CGs, the use of DMS added substantial improvements to the HRES in terms of cost and reliability. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Several ESS technologies have been used with HRES where each type may be suitable for a certain size and operating conditions of the HRES and they may be unsuitable for others. The ESS can be classed according to the technique utilized as electrochemical or battery energy storage systems (BESS), chemical storage, mechanical storage, electrical storage, or thermal storage.…”

“…Several studies used the DSM in the design stage of the HRES for the same purpose. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Some studies introduced a demand response (DR) technique via a relationship between the change of tariff and the battery's state of charge (SoC). [13][14][15]25 This relation is determining the required change of tariff according to the SoC and the BESS power.…”