Energy Storage and the Balance of Producers and Decomposers in Ecological Systems

Olson, Jerry S.

doi:10.2307/1932179

Cited by 3,225 publications

(1,971 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2). Olson (1963) is probably among the first who systematically analyzed C storage dynamics at the forest floor as functions of litter production and decomposition. He collected data of annual litter production and approximately steady-state organic C storage at the forest floor, from which decomposition rates were estimated for a variety of ecosystems from Ghana in the tropics to alpine forests in California.…”

Section: Carbon Storage Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He collected data of annual litter production and approximately steady-state organic C storage at the forest floor, from which decomposition rates were estimated for a variety of ecosystems from Ghana in the tropics to alpine forests in California. Using the relationships among litter production, decomposition, and C storage, Olson (1963) explored several issues, such as decay without input, accumulation with continuous or discrete annual litter fall, and adjustments in production and decay parameters during forest succession. His analysis approximated the steady-state C storage as the C input times the inverse of decomposition (i.e., residence time).…”

Section: Carbon Storage Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those equations can be applied to a whole ecosystem with multiple C pools, while Olson's analysis is for one C pool. Second, Olson (1963) treated the C input and decomposition rate as yearly constants at a given location even though they varied with locations. This study considers both C input and rate of decomposition being time dependent.…”

Section: Carbon Storage Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olson (1963) is probably among the first to examine organic matter storage in forest floors from the system perspective. His analysis approximated steadystate storage of organic matter as a balance of litter producers and decomposers for different forest types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transient dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage: mathematical foundation and its applications

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed roughly 30 % of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions over the past decades, but it is unclear whether this carbon (C) sink will endure into the future. Despite extensive modeling and experimental and observational studies, what fundamentally determines transient dynamics of terrestrial C storage under global change is still not very clear. Here we develop a new framework for understanding transient dynamics of terrestrial C storage through mathematical analysis and numerical experiments. Our analysis indicates that the ultimate force driving ecosystem C storage change is the C storage capacity, which is jointly determined by ecosystem C input (e.g., net primary production, NPP) and residence time. Since both C input and residence time vary with time, the C storage capacity is timedependent and acts as a moving attractor that actual C storage chases. The rate of change in C storage is proportional to the C storage potential, which is the difference between the current storage and the storage capacity. The C storage capacity represents instantaneous responses of the land C cycle to external forcing, whereas the C storage potential represents the internal capability of the land C cycle to influence the C change trajectory in the next time step. The influence happens through redistribution of net C pool changes in a network of pools with different residence times.Moreover, this and our other studies have demonstrated that one matrix equation can replicate simulations of most land C cycle models (i.e., physical emulators). As a result, simulation outputs of those models can be placed into a threedimensional (3-D) parameter space to measure their differences. The latter can be decomposed into traceable components to track the origins of model uncertainty. In addition, the physical emulators make data assimilation computationPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 146Y. Luo et al.: Land carbon storage dynamics ally feasible so that both C flux-and pool-related datasets can be used to better constrain model predictions of land C sequestration. Overall, this new mathematical framework offers new approaches to understanding, evaluating, diagnosing, and improving land C cycle models.

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Section: Carbon Storage Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Storage Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon Storage Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transient dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage: mathematical foundation and its applications

et al. 2017

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“…The vegetation captures sediments flowing from the upper parts of the scar and deposits them around itself (Shimokawa 1984;Franklin et al 1985;Shimokawa et al 1989;Tsuyuzaki and del Moral 1995). Moreover, the vegetation supplied organic matter to the soil surface (Olson 1963;Edwards and Sugg 1993), thus it affected the accumulation and increase of nutrients in the topsoil (Fritz-Sheridan and Portecop 1987;Vitousek et al 1987). Moreover, respiration by the vegetation's root system stimulates physical weathering (del Moral 1993) and/or chemical weathering (del Moral and Bliss 1993;Tsuyuzaki et al 1997) of the soil.…”

Section: Development Rate Of Surface-layer Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation Succession and Rate of Topsoil Development on Shallow Landslide Scars of Sedimentary Rock Slope Covered by Volcanic Ash and Pumice, Southern Kyushu, Japan

Teramoto¹,

Shimokawa²,

Ezaki³

et al. 2016

Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

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In this study, vegetation succession and the rate of consequent topsoil development were investigated in shallow landslide scars of sedimentary rock slopes covered by volcanic ashes and pumice in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. Seven shallow landslide scars of different ages were selected as study areas. In the initial period after the occurrence of a shallow landslide, deciduous broad-leaved trees such as Mallotus japonicus or Callicarpa mollis were occupied in the areas. Approximately 30 years after the landslide, evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Cinnamomum japonicum invaded in the areas, already existed present deciduous broad-leaved trees. After 50 years, the summit of the canopy comprised evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii and Machilus thunbergii. Moreover, the diversity of vegetation invading the site reached the maximum after 15 years, followed by a decrease and stability in the number of trees. The total basal areas under vegetation increased with time. It was concluded that the vegetation community reaches the climax stage approximately 50 years after the occurrence of a shallow landslide in the study areas, in terms of the Fisher-Williams index of diversity () and the prevalence of evergreen broad-leaved trees. Moreover, according to the results of topsoil measurement in the study areas, the topsoil was formed at the rate of 0.31 cm/year. The development of topsoil usually functions to improve the multi-faceted functions of a forest. However, when the increased depth of topsoil exceeds the stability threshold, the conditions for a shallow landslide occurrence are satisfied. Therefore, we indicated to control the depth of topsoil and strengthen its resistance by forest management in order to restrain the occurrence of shallow landslides.

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Litterfall, litter and associated chemistry in a dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and a pine plantation in south-eastern Australia: 1. Litterfall and litter

Crockford

Richardson

1998

Hydrol. Process.

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Abstract:Litterfall was measured in a dry schlerophyll eucalypt forest and a nearby Pinus radiata plantation of similar tree density and basal area near Canberra in south-eastern Australia. Total annual litterfall for the eucalypts was 329 g m À 2 , compared with 180 g m À2 for the pines, with the bark component being 52 g m À 2 for eucalypts and zero for pines. Barkfall did not occur for the eucalypts during the drought of 1982±1983 but complete bark shedding occurred during the subsequent very wet year when barkfall was 177 g m À 2 for Eucalyptus rossii and 146 g m À2 for Eucalyptus mannifera (9 . 3 and 7Á6 g m À2 of basal area, respectively). Barkfall of E. rossii responded to rainfall in the period autumn to early summer, whereas E. mannifera responded to summer rainfall.In the eucalypt forest¯oor-litter was strati®ed into a surface layer where the components were substantially intact, and a cohesive layer where the components were fragmented and bound together by fungal hyphae. The amount and residence times of loose and cohesive¯oor-litter were 1056 g m À2 and 3 . 2 years, respectively, for the loose litter layer; and 1164 g m À2 and 3 . 5 years for the cohesive layer. The litter biomass represented 17% of the estimated total above-ground biomass of 127 tonnes ha À 1 . A previous study showed roots to be 25% of total biomass, suggesting a total biomass of 167 tonnes ha À1 . #

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Energy Storage and the Balance of Producers and Decomposers in Ecological Systems

Cited by 3,225 publications

References 24 publications

Transient dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage: mathematical foundation and its applications

Transient dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage: mathematical foundation and its applications

Vegetation Succession and Rate of Topsoil Development on Shallow Landslide Scars of Sedimentary Rock Slope Covered by Volcanic Ash and Pumice, Southern Kyushu, Japan

Litterfall, litter and associated chemistry in a dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and a pine plantation in south-eastern Australia: 1. Litterfall and litter

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