Energy status in Lebanon and electricity generation reform plan based on cost and pollution optimization

Ibrahim, Oussama; Fardoun, Farouk; Younès, Rafic; Louahlia-Gualous, H.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.014

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Hence, in this study there are four objective functions to be minimized: f1=min ("Auxiliary electric heater + Pump" consumptions) f2=min (Thermal demand) f3=min (Difference between load and generation) f4=min (LCC) Table II provides the list of building passive and RE systems decision variables. Furthermore, the implementation costs of different design options are derived from [10], [11], [12], [13] and [14].The optimization problem is constrained by the following condition: the average predicted mean vote (PMV) of the whole building must remain between its acceptable bounds |PMV|≤ 0.5.…”

Section: A Objective Functions and Decision Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective decision making optimization of a residential net zero energy building in cold climate

Harkouss

Fardoun

Biwolé

2017

2017 Sensors Networks Smart and Emerging Technologies (SENSET)

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the challenge in Zero energy building (ZEB) design is to find the best combination of design strategies that would face the energy performance problems of a particular building. This paper outlines the methodology and the cost-effectiveness potential for optimizing the design of net-zero energy building (NZEB) in a cold climate region in Lebanon; Cedars. Specifically, the non-sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is chosen in order to minimize thermal, electrical demands and life cycle cost (LCC) while reaching the net zero energy balance; and thus getting the Pareto-front. A ranking decision making technique (ELECTRE III) is applied to the Pareto-front so as to obtain one optimal solution. A wide range of energy efficiency measures are investigated, besides solar energy systems are employed to produce required electricity and hot water for domestic purposes. The results clearly indicate that, for designing a residential NZEB in cold climate, it is essential to minimize the space thermal load through a building envelope with high thermal performance. Envelop high level of insulation is an essential step to decrease the high heating demand. Building thermal loads are decreased by 33.19%. Moreover the LCC is decreased by 31.09%.

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Section: A Objective Functions and Decision Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective decision making optimization of a residential net zero energy building in cold climate

Harkouss

Fardoun

Biwolé

2017

2017 Sensors Networks Smart and Emerging Technologies (SENSET)

Self Cite

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“…Electricity generated in the country originates mostly from fossil sources that need to be imported. Following the 2020 objective for 12% of electricity from renewable sources in Lebanon [1], some studies have pointed out that electricity from renewable sources-solar and wind energy-needs to be incorporated into the electric mix [2][3][4][5]. Younes et al [6] suggested that a decentralized policy for energy production could contribute to the economic feasibility of incorporating renewables into the Lebanese electric system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally speaking, the accuracy of the meteorological models used one decade ago was far poorer than the current assimilation algorithms used in ERA5. The model used was the MC 2 (MesoscaleCompressibleCommunity) computational model [44].…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Lebanon’s Offshore-Wind-Energy Potential

Ibarra-Berastegi

Ulazia

Sáenz

et al. 2019

JMSE

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The only regional evaluation of Lebanese wind-energy potential (National Wind Atlas) dates back to 2011 and was carried out by a United Nations agency. In this work, data from the most recent reanalysis (ERA5) developed at the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), corresponding to the 2010–2017 period, were used to evaluate Lebanese offshore-wind-energy potential. In the present study, wind power density associated to a SIEMENS 154/6 turbine was calculated with a horizontal resolution of 31 km and 1 hour time steps. This work incorporated the impact of air density changes into the calculations due to the seasonal evolution of pressure, temperature, and humidity. Observed average offshore air density ρ 0 was 1.19 kg / m 3 for the 2010–2017 period, but if instead of ρ 0 , hourly ρ values were used, seasonal oscillations of wind power density ( W P D ) represented differences in percentage terms ranging from −4% in summer to +3% in winter. ERA5 provides hourly wind, temperature, pressure, and dew-point temperature values that allowed us to calculate the hourly evolution of air density during this period and could also be used to accurately evaluate wind power density off the Lebanese coast. There was a significant gradient in wind power density along the shore, with the northern coastal area exhibiting the highest potential and reaching winter values of around 400 W / m 2 . Finally, this study suggests that the initial results provided by the National Wind Atlas overestimated the true offshore-wind-energy potential, thus highlighting the suitability of ERA5 as an accurate tool for similar tasks globally.

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“…Arguably, a political inertia hinders the needed price rises for tariffs to match costs, and these are compounded by the prevalence of theft on the grid and inefficiencies in payment collection (Hasbani, 2011). These "non-technical" deficiencies or political barriers (Ibrahim et al, 2013) are often cited as causes for the longstanding electricity crisis, but very view studies have unpacked the nature and extent of these challenges insofar as the ramifications of the crisis have affected the provision of electricity in Lebanon's cities and towns (c.f. Gabillet, 2010;Verdeil, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, the city and everyday life: Living with power outages in post-war Lebanon

Ghanem

2018

Energy Research & Social Science

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Years of civil war in Lebanon (1975-1990) resulted in considerable destruction in its towns and cities, with significant impacts on buildings and infrastructure. Notably, the electricity sector continues to suffer from power outages long after the war ended, and the country's citizens have adopted various strategies for maintaining desired electricity services in their homes. This has given rise to informal infrastructures, such as diesel-powered generators run by commercial actors or co-owned by urban residents. This paper uses a qualitative approach to explore the multi-faceted experience of power outages in urban areas of Lebanon, the nature and practices of the resulting informal electricity services that have filled that gap, and their impact on everyday life. It argues that the different practical solutions that households have adopted in order to augment electricity provision to their homes create a differentiated experience of infrastructural services in the city, its neighbourhoods and buildings. It explores these impacts through three junctions: the network of informal electricity providers, new routines and practices of households and the objects and artefacts that constitute the energy landscape in the city. This research contributes to an understanding of relationships produced by these 'new' and informal infrastructures.

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Energy status in Lebanon and electricity generation reform plan based on cost and pollution optimization

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

Multi-objective decision making optimization of a residential net zero energy building in cold climate

Multi-objective decision making optimization of a residential net zero energy building in cold climate

Evaluation of Lebanon’s Offshore-Wind-Energy Potential

Energy, the city and everyday life: Living with power outages in post-war Lebanon

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