Energy Spectrum of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays according to Data from Ground-Based Scintillation Detectors of the Yakutsk EAS Array

Глушков, А. В.; Правдин, М. И.; Сабуров, А. В.

doi:10.1134/s106377881804004x

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The first term in Eq. (2) reflects a systematic error of 8% from the uncertainty of the array calibration method itself [12]. Equation (3) introduces from 0 to 15% due to zenith-angle uncertainty during the transition from to the vertical direction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We selected showers whose axes were located in a circle with a radius of 1 km around the array center and were determined with an accuracy of no worse than 50 m. The accuracy of evaluation of in individual events was above 10%. The primary energy of showers was determined by the formula [12] (2) with (3) where λ is the absorption length shown in Fig. 3 and is the density determined in the experiment.…”

Section: Event Selection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 and is the density determined in the experiment. The mixed composition was taken from the experiment reported in [12]. Relation (2)…”

Section: Event Selection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muons in EASs with E0 = 1019 eV According to Data of the Yakutsk Array

2023

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Lateral distribution functions of particles in extensive air showers with the energy $${{E}_{0}} \approx {{10}^{{19}}}{\kern 1pt} $$ eV recorded by ground-based and underground scintillation detectors with a threshold of $${{E}_{\mu }}$$$$ \approx {\kern 1pt} 1.0 \times {\text{sec}}{\kern 1pt} \theta $$ GeV at the Yakutsk array during the continuous observations from 1986 to 2016 have been analyzed using events with zenith angles θ ≤ 60°. Experimental functions have been compared to the predictions obtained with the QGSJet-01-d hadron interaction model by applying the CORSIKA code. The entire dataset indicates that cosmic rays consist predominantly of protons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Event Selection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muons in EASs with E0 = 1019 eV According to Data of the Yakutsk Array

2023

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“…The LDFs of the SD response were obtained within the frameworks of four hadron interaction models for primary protons and iron nuclei for energy range 10 17 − 10 19.5 eV [9]. The main energy estimator at the YEASa is ρ s (600) -a measured particle density at 600 m from the shower core.…”

Section: Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the refinement of the Yakutsk energy estimation [9] one may confidently claim that energy of the TA event was twice the energy of two Yakutsk events [61]. It is only possible to consider all three particles as a beam if they were emitted by a point source, but their arrival directions lie within 27 • which is inconsistent with this condition.…”

Section: Directional Anisotropy Studies a A Beam Of Ultra-relativisti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of the Yakutsk air shower array and future plans

Alekseev,

Atlasov,

Bolotnikov

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Yakutsk Extensive Air Shower Array has been continuously operating for more than 50 years (since 1970) and up until recently it has been one of world's largest ground-based instruments aimed at studying the properties of cosmic rays in the ultra-high energy domain. In this report we discuss results recently obtained at the array -on cosmic rays energy spectrum, mass composition and directional anisotropy -and how they fit into the world data. Special attention is paid to the measurements of muonic component of extensive air showers. Theoretical results of particle acceleration at shocks are also briefly reviewed. Future scientific and engineering plans on the array modernization are discussed. I. INTRODUCTIONThe only way to study the properties of cosmic rays (CR) with energies above ∼ 10 15 eV is by registering extensive air showers (EAS) -cascades of secondary particles produced by high-energy CRs hitting Earth's atmosphere. On one hand by studying the EAS properties one can investigate hadron interactions at energies unreachable for terrestrial particle acceleration technology. On the other hand -EAS method provides the basis for obtaining crucial information on primary CR properties: their energy spectrum, mass composition and distribution of arrival directions on the celestial sphere. Hence, EAS study is a dedicated area of CR physics at the intersection of astrophysics and nuclear physics.

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The Muon Puzzle in cosmic-ray induced air showers and its connection to the Large Hadron Collider

Albrecht

Cazón

Dembinski

et al. 2022

Astrophys Space Sci

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High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers initiated in Earth’s atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate models of air shower physics, which is a challenge and an opportunity to test QCD under extreme conditions. Air showers are hadronic cascades, which give rise to a muon component through hadron decays. The muon number is a key observable to infer the mass composition of cosmic rays. Air shower simulations with state-of-the-art QCD models show a significant muon deficit with respect to measurements; this is called the Muon Puzzle. By eliminating other possibilities, we conclude that the most plausible cause for the muon discrepancy is a deviation in the composition of secondary particles produced in high-energy hadronic interactions from current model predictions. The muon discrepancy starts at the TeV scale, which suggests that this deviation is observable at the Large Hadron Collider. An enhancement of strangeness production has been observed at the LHC in high-density events, which can potentially explain the puzzle, but the impact of the effect on forward produced hadrons needs further study, in particular with future data from oxygen beam collisions.

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Energy Spectrum of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays according to Data from Ground-Based Scintillation Detectors of the Yakutsk EAS Array

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Muons in EASs with E0 = 1019 eV According to Data of the Yakutsk Array

Muons in EASs with E0 = 1019 eV According to Data of the Yakutsk Array

Status of the Yakutsk air shower array and future plans

The Muon Puzzle in cosmic-ray induced air showers and its connection to the Large Hadron Collider

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