Energy Security Pattern Spatiotemporal Evolution and Strategic Analysis of G20 Countries

Li, Jinchao; Wang, Lina; Li, Tianzhi; Zhu, Shaowen

doi:10.3390/su11061629

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Management in this area is extremely complex. It has a significant impact on global geopolitical developments and security as a whole, which is why the analysis of the situation, forecasting, and decision-making in this area is the subject of numerous studies and different approaches [2,3]. Furthermore, there is a possibility of manipulating the data and/or the interpretation of the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Energy Security Risk Index—Analysis of the Methodological Settings

Podbregar

Šimić²,

Radovanović

et al. 2020

Energies

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The main objective of this paper is to analyze model settings of the International Energy Security Risk Index developed by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The study was performed using stepwise regression, principal component analysis, and Promax oblique rotation. The conclusion of the regression analysis shows that Crude Oil Price and Global Coal Reserves are sufficient to explain 90% of the variance of the Index. However, if a model that explains 100% of the variance of the Index is chosen and other variables are added, Global Coal Reserves loses importance due to the presence of other parameters in which it is contained. Regardless of the chosen model of analysis, it is evident that there is room for revising the Index and removing variables that do not contribute to its precision. The research showed that the main disadvantage of the variables that make up the Index rests with the fact that the variables are of different degrees of generality, that is, one parameter is contained in other parameters (unclear which other). The research covers data for 25 countries over a 26-year period, with the first year of the research being 1980 and the last 2016 (the latest available report).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Energy Security Risk Index—Analysis of the Methodological Settings

Podbregar

Šimić²,

Radovanović

et al. 2020

Energies

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“…Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions are directly correlated. Indeed, there is a linear relationship between the energy consumed and the number of greenhouse gases emitted [4]. Among the most impacting segments, transport represents 24% of the total emissions and 33% of the total energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Electric Vehicles: Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing Evaluation of Electricity Sources

2020

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The electro-mobility of vehicles could solve the negative effects of road transport, by decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. However, some electric vehicles also have a negative impact on the environment related to the nature of electricity used. This paper aims to evaluate the electricity sources for electric vehicles using a Life Cycle Thinking approach. Life cycle assessment, using several midpoints and endpoint methods, highlighted that the most damaging sources were lignite and diesel, while hydropower, wind, and biomass were the most sustainable ones. Cumulative energy demand showed that biomass used the least energy (0.034 MJ eq.), but originates from 100% non-renewable sources. Lignite, which also comes from 100% non-renewable sources, used the most energy (17.791 MJ eq.). The lowest carbon footprints were for wind, biomass, and photovoltaic (<0.1 kg CO2 eq). Municipal waste incineration and natural gas had a medium impact, while lignite, coal, peat, and diesel had a high impact (>1.0 kg CO2 eq.). Considering life cycle costing, photovoltaic electricity generation was the most expensive (0.2107 USD/kWh) while natural gas the cheapest (0.0661 USD/kWh). Therefore, this study presents an integrated approach that may offer a valid tool for decision-makers, giving them the possibility to choose the electricity sources for electric vehicles.

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“…Moreover, the major energy consumer countries are also the major emitters of CO2, while the minor consumers are the minor emitters. So, the energy consumption and the CO2 emissions are closely related [4]. Among the most impacting sectors, the transport one accounts for 24% of the total emissions and for 33% of the total energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the electric mobility really green? A Life Cycle Thinking approach

Malandrino

Rapa

Ruggieri

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Syst

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The effect of transport on the environment is one of the major problems worldwide. Among the most impacting sectors, the transport one accounts for 24% of the total emissions and for 33% of the total energy consumption. Road transports are the most used in the world, above 70 %. This kind of transport required up to 75% of the energy demand in the transport sector. In the recent year a new kind of transport is spreading, the electric mobility by offering a major opportunity to solve the negative effect of vehicles generally used for the transports by road. Some electric vehicles have a negative impact particularly in the production and using step, it depends on the type of electricity that is utilized. This study asses the impacts on environment, human health and resource scarcity of electricity coming from different sources (coal, peat, lignite, diesel, natural gas, hydropower, wind, municipal waste incineration, photovoltaic and biomass) by means of Life Cycle Thinking approach. From the Life Cycle Assessment results that lignite was the most impacting for the human health, hydropower for ecosystems and diesel for the resource scarcity. Instead, the more sustainable electricity energies were the ones coming from wind and biomass. The analysis of production cost pointed out that natural gas is the cheaper sources while photovoltaic the more expensive one.

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Energy Security Pattern Spatiotemporal Evolution and Strategic Analysis of G20 Countries

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

International Energy Security Risk Index—Analysis of the Methodological Settings

International Energy Security Risk Index—Analysis of the Methodological Settings

Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Electric Vehicles: Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing Evaluation of Electricity Sources

Is the electric mobility really green? A Life Cycle Thinking approach

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