Energy Security in the Eastern Mediterranean

Prontera, Andrea; Ruszel, Mariusz

doi:10.1111/mepo.12296

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…However, like many European countries, Turkey remains dependent on Russia in terms of energy. It is its main dependent partner, importing more than 55% of its natural gas from Russia and 35% of its coal (Prontera and Ruszel, 2017). Turkish energy routes are not only among the Russian geostrategic plans, but also among some powerful actors in the Middle East region who want to make use of this transit space (Mocilnikar, 2018).…”

Section: Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turkish energy routes are not only among the Russian geostrategic plans, but also among some powerful actors in the Middle East region who want to make use of this transit space (Mocilnikar, 2018). It should also be revealed that almost all its gas is imported, as Turkey is totally dependent on Russian gas (Prontera and Ruszel, 2017). Thus, one can understand Turkey's desire for energy diversification, but also the Russians' determination to curb these plans.…”

Section: Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a discussion has taken place between Tel Aviv-Nicosia-Athens on a pipeline project that could not only threaten Russia's planned European energy dependence on Russia, but also totally exclude Turkey. The latter would lose its power as a transitional country and block its diversification project, while the Russian gas market would be threatened (Prontera and Ruszel, 2017). Thus, Moscow and Ankara have a new common interest in blocking any project that excludes them.…”

Section: Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and Geo-Economics: Evidence Underpinning Russian Intervention in Syria

Abdi¹

2020

JIRFP

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It has been five years since Russia intervened militarily in the Syrian conflict. The interests in Syria are numerous and of great importance for the actors involved in this conflict. Russia, like the Allies and opponents of the Bashar Al-Assad regime, is fighting for geopolitical, geo-economic or ideological reasons. The Middle East region finds itself shaken by the sharp resurgence of a confrontation between actors allied to the United States, other allies of Russia, and this Syrian crisis thus impacts the geopolitical configuration of the region. This paper presents an analysis of the Russian intervention strategy in Syria. We argue that Russia intervened in Syria to strengthen the already existing Russian/Syrian alliance, to curb extremist proliferation and to take advantage of Syria's strategic position. The objective is to determine the reasons for the Russian military intervention in Syria related to energy and geo-economic interests. The Russian intervention in Syria was an ideal opportunity to draw closer to several powerful states in the region and a way to benefit from positive spin-offs on its arms market and hydrocarbon roads plans. Despite the risks and costs associated with defending the Syrian regime, Moscow has secured its political and economic power in the Middle East.

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Section: Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and Geo-Economics: Evidence Underpinning Russian Intervention in Syria

Abdi¹

2020

JIRFP

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“…Recent developments show that a distinct type of containment against Turkey is being enacted by the United States in the Eastern Mediterranean, which has become much more important for the U.S. in recent years due to its strategic geographical location and potential as a source of oil and natural gas. 8 The U.S. has been exercising the containment policy through its regional allies and proxies.…”

Section: Turkey Versus the United States In The Eastern Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The United States-Backed Containment of Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean

Özdemir¹

2020

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International competition over natural gas and oil has been escalating in the Eastern Mediterranean in recent years, and the region has become much more significant for many regional and global actors. This article claims that a bloc of regional actors, supported by the United States, has been following a containment policy against Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean. By examining recent trends and developments with special focus on the policies directed against Turkey’s rights and interests in the Eastern Mediterranean, this article demonstrates how Turkey is being isolated in the region, and discusses Turkey’s reactions to its on-going containment.

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“…The effects of a new gas pipeline Nord Stream 2 that could double the existing capacity of gas transport to the EU, bypassing the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, are also debatable. An alternative to natural gas imported from the Russian Federation may be a fuel imported from reserves owned by Israel [8] and Azerbaijan, but this requires Tanap/Tap and Eastern Mediterranean projects to be completed faster [9]. Regardless of the structure of gas deliveries to the EU, the energy security of its member states may be enhanced by promoting the integration of local natural gas markets.…”

Section: Developments In the Eu's Natural Gas Market Role Of Lng Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of LNG supplies in balancing natural gas demand in EU countries

et al. 2019

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Over the last decade, developments could be observed in the structure of primary energy consumption in EU countries. In order to achieve the goals, energy carriers with minimum impact on the natural environment are used, and natural gas is considered to be such a fuel. The share of natural gas in the EU’s energy balance in the analysed period, from 2000 to 2016, remained at a relatively stable level. However, in the case of individual countries, its share in the energy balance depends on specific characteristics of a country. Regardless of the share of natural gas in the energy consumption structure of individual countries, they strive to diversify the supply of natural gas. One of the main constituents of natural gas supply diversification is the construction of LNG import terminals. Access to this infrastructure enhances energy security and offers better opportunities when negotiating long-term contracts for the supply of natural gas. The EU possesses significant possibilities of importing natural gas through LNG terminals, but until now they have been used to a limited extent, it may indicate that in addition todiversification tasks, terminals are a guarantee in the event ofinterruptions in gas supplies using gas pipelines.

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Energy Security in the Eastern Mediterranean

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Energy and Geo-Economics: Evidence Underpinning Russian Intervention in Syria

Energy and Geo-Economics: Evidence Underpinning Russian Intervention in Syria

The United States-Backed Containment of Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean

The role of LNG supplies in balancing natural gas demand in EU countries

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