Energy security and renewable electricity trade—Will Desertec make Europe vulnerable to the “energy weapon”?

Lilliestam, Johan; Ellenbeck, Saskia

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.035

Cited by 107 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In a recent paper [18], we investigate the interdependence and power symmetry in detail for the Desertec scenario, a Supergrid scenario foreseeing 100 GW, or about 17% of the European demand, renewable electricity imports from North Africa in 2050 [7,13]. The conclusion of that article is that Europe is not particularly vulnerable to export cuts, for two main reasons.…”

Section: Strategies For Minimising Political Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering Interdependence to Minimise Political Risks in a European-North African Renewable Electricity Supergrid

Lilliestam

Ellenbeck

2012

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Abstract. The option of decarbonisation of the European power sector with the help of significant imports of renewable electricity from North Africa via a trans-continental electricity Supergrid is increasingly gaining attention. In this paper, we investigate the geopolitical risks to European energy security in such a future, and discuss cornerstones for possible policy strategies to reduce these risks. The strategies are rooted in the interdependence between exporter and importer. We come to the conclusion that fostering and deepening, as opposed to reducing, the dependence of both sides on each other may be a valuable and powerful way to reduce the geopolitical risks of renewable electricity trade between Europe and North Africa.

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Section: Strategies For Minimising Political Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering Interdependence to Minimise Political Risks in a European-North African Renewable Electricity Supergrid

Lilliestam

Ellenbeck

2012

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“…There are several studies envisioning supergrids in connection with VRE, e.g., wind power in the North Sea [321,325,326], the DESERTEC project to connect large solar and wind farms in North Africa and Middle East with Europe [321,327,328]. The USA has planned a project to import large-scale wind power from North Atlantic to the Eastern coast of the country [321].…”

Section: Supergridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Lund

Lindgren

Mikkola

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

1,252

578

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Title: Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity Article Type: Review Article Keywords: energy system flexibility; DSM; energy storage; ancillary service; electricity market; smart grid Abstract: The paper reviews different approaches, technologies, and strategies to manage large-scale schemes of variable renewable electricity such as solar and wind power. We consider both supply and demand side measures. In addition to presenting energy system flexibility measures, their importance to renewable electricity is discussed. The flexibility measures available range from traditional ones such as grid extension or pumped hydro storage to more advanced strategies such as demand side management and demand side linked approaches, e.g. the use of electric vehicles for storing excess electricity, but also providing grid support services. Advanced batteries may offer new solutions in the future, though the high costs associated with batteries may restrict their use to smaller scale applications. Different "P2Y"-type of strategies, where P stands for surplus renewable power and Y for the energy form or energy service to which this excess in converted to, e.g. thermal energy, hydrogen, gas or mobility are receiving much attention as potential flexibility solutions, making use of the energy system as a whole. To "functionalize" or to assess the value of the various energy system flexibility measures, these need often be put into an electricity/energy market or utility service context. Summarizing, the outlook for managing large amounts of RE power in terms of options available seems to be promising. AbstractThe paper reviews different approaches, technologies, and strategies to manage large-scale schemes of variable renewable electricity such as solar and wind power. We consider both supply and demand side measures. In addition to presenting energy system flexibility measures, their importance to renewable electricity is discussed. The flexibility measures available range from traditional ones such as grid extension or pumped hydro storage to more advanced strategies such as demand side management and demand side linked approaches, e.g. the use of electric vehicles for storing excess electricity, but also providing grid support services. Advanced batteries may offer new solutions in the future, though the high costs associated with batteries may restrict their use to smaller scale applications. Different -P2Y‖-type of strategies, where P stands for surplus renewable power and Y for the energy form or energy service to which this excess in converted to, e.g. thermal energy, hydrogen, gas or mobility are receiving much attention as potential flexibility solutions, making use of the energy system as a whole. To -functionalize‖ or to assess the value of the various energy system flexibility measures, these need often be put into an electricity/energy market or utility service context. Summarizing, the outlook for managing large amounts of RE power in terms of options avai...

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“…In contrast, liberal researchers argue that bilateral or multilateral, i.e. complex, interdependence can create mutual understanding and increase gains for all parties, which should reduce the likelihood of conflict [56]. Thus, whether the energy weapon is perceived as a threat by importers partly depends on assumptions of exporter rationale, e.g.…”

Section: Deliberate Reduction Of Flow By Supplier or Usermentioning

confidence: 97%

Energy, conflict and war: Towards a conceptual framework

Månsson

2014

Energy Research & Social Science

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It is widely recognised that the presence of some fossil fuels and their transport routes can affect the risk of conflicts. Other parts of the energy system and contextual conditions (social, economic or political factors) also matter for such conflicts, but which and how is not as well researched. This paper develops a framework that links characteristics of energy systems with contextual conditions that if combined increases the risk of conflict. The framework also provides a brief theoretical background as well as examples of previous energy conflicts. Examples of energy system characteristic that can affect the risk of conflicts include geographical concentration of primary resources, the number and diversity of exporters on the international energy market, vulnerability of infrastructure to attacks, vulnerability of users to disruptions and externalities related to interconnections with other systems. Contextual conditions include, among other, the rationale of actors to engage in conflict under various circumstances. The capacity of humans and societies to adapt to change should be analysed together with the characteristics of the energy system that place stress on actors. The framework can serve as a tool to identify 'hotspots' and, develop more robust energy policies and strategies to anticipate and prevent conflicts.

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Energy security and renewable electricity trade—Will Desertec make Europe vulnerable to the “energy weapon”?

Cited by 107 publications

References 13 publications

Fostering Interdependence to Minimise Political Risks in a European-North African Renewable Electricity Supergrid

Fostering Interdependence to Minimise Political Risks in a European-North African Renewable Electricity Supergrid

Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity

Energy, conflict and war: Towards a conceptual framework

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