Energy sector vulnerability to climate change: A review

Schaeffer, Roberto; Szklo, Alexandre; Lucena, André F.P.; Borba, Bruno Soares Moreira César; Nogueira, Larissa Pinheiro Pupo; Fleming, Fernanda Pereira; Troccoli, Alberto; Harrison, Mike T.; Boulahya, Mohammed Sadeck

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.11.056

Cited by 483 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…However, the uncertainty of wind energy is the main problem in matching the increasing demand for renewable energy. The operation of wind power is susceptible to changing wind patterns resulting from climate change [10]. The idea of bringing a wind energy system into urban areas is more challenging because of limited available space and the adaptation of the wind turbine to the existing infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Experimental Analysis of an Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine Generator

et al. 2015

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A vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) was positioned at the discharge outlet of a cooling tower electricity generator. To avoid a negative impact on the performance of the cooling tower and to optimize the turbine performance, the determination of the VAWT position in the discharge wind stream was conducted by experiment. The preferable VAWT position is where the higher wind velocity matches the positive torque area of the turbine rotation. With the proper matching among the VAWT configurations (blade number, airfoil type, operating tip-speed-ratio, etc.) and exhaust air profile, the turbine system was not only able to recover the wasted kinetic energy, it also reduced the fan motor power consumption by 4.5% and increased the cooling tower intake air flow-rate by 11%. The VAWT had a free running rotational speed of 479 rpm, power coefficient of 10.6%, and tip-speed-ratio of 1.88. The double multiple stream tube theory was used to explain the VAWT behavior in the non-uniform wind stream. For the actual size of a cooling tower with a 2.4 m outlet diameter and powered by a 7.5 kW fan motor, it was estimated that a system with two VAWTs (side-by-side) can generate 1 kW of power which is equivalent to 13% of energy recovery. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 6567

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Experimental Analysis of an Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine Generator

et al. 2015

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“…However, awareness of the climate vulnerability and adaptation needs of the energy sector is increasing (Mideksa and Kallbekken, 2010;Ebinger and Vergara, 2011;Schaeffer et al, 2012). Several classes of possible impacts of climate change on energy demand and production have been noted: (i) changes in cooling efficiency of thermal and nuclear power generation, resulting in modified availability and efficiency of plants (Linnerud et al, 2011;Rübbelke and Vögele, 2011); (ii) changes in seasonal river flows and in their variability, affecting hydropower potential and generation (Lehner et al, 2005;Hamududu and Killingtveit, 2012); (iii) changes in productivity of crops for bio-energy (Haberl et al, 2011); (iv) vulnerability of energy-related infrastructure to extreme events and sea level rise (Craig, 2011); and finally, changes in space heating and cooling requirements, the focus of the current paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide impacts of climate change on energy for heating and cooling

Labriet¹,

Joshi

Vielle

et al. 2013

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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The energy sector is not only a major contributor to greenhouse gases, it is also vulnerable to climate change and will have to adapt to future climate conditions. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of changes in future temperatures on the heating and cooling services of buildings and the resulting energy and macro-economic effects at global and regional levels. For this purpose, the techno-economic TIAM-WORLD (TIMES Integrated Assessment Model) and the general equilibrium GEMINI-E3 (General Equilibrium Model of International-National Interactions between Economy, Energy and Environment) models are coupled with a climate model, PLASIM-ENTS (Planet-Simulator -Efficient Numerical Terrestrial Scheme). The key results are as follows. At the global level, the climate feedback induced by adaptation of the energy system to heating and cooling is found to be insignificant, partly because heating and cooling-induced changes compensate and partly because they represent a limited share of total final energy consumption. However, significant changes are observed at regional levels, more particularly in terms of additional power capacity required to satisfy additional cooling services, resulting in increases in electricity prices. In terms of macro-economic impacts, welfare gains and losses are associated more with changes in energy exports and imports than with changes in energy consumption for heating and cooling. The rebound effect appears to be non-negligible.To conclude, the coupling of models of different nature was successful and showed that the energy and economic impacts of climate change on heating and cooling remain small at the global level, but changes in energy needs will be visible at more local scale.

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“…Climate change impacts on water resources could also have devastating implications for the energy sector as Ghana relies heavily on hydropower [32]. Whenever there is limited inflow of water into the Akosombo Dam, this leads to energy crises.…”

Section: Climate Change Agriculture Water Resources Energy and Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whenever there is limited inflow of water into the Akosombo Dam, this leads to energy crises. Indeed, climate change adds a "significant amount of uncertainty to the already uncertain operation of hydropower systems" [32] (p. 4). Energy is also important with regards to its contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.…”

Section: Climate Change Agriculture Water Resources Energy and Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Coherence between Sector Policies and Climate Compatible Development: Opportunities for Triple Wins

2017

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Climate Compatible Development (CCD) aims to deliver adaptation and mitigation without compromising development progress. To date, adaptation, mitigation and development related to key climate-sensitive sectors have often been treated separately. This paper uses qualitative document analysis, content analysis, expert interviews and a multi-stakeholder workshop to: examine the extent to which policies in climate-sensitive sectors align in framing adaptation, mitigation and development action; and identify key areas of policy coherence in Ghana. The paper answers the following questions: (i) To what extent are Ghana's agriculture, energy, water, forest and wildlife sector policies aligned with climate adaptation, mitigation and development? (ii) What is the extent of policy coherence amongst climate-sensitive sector policies? (iii) Where are the key intervention points available to enhance CCD activities? Findings demonstrate that Ghana's climate-sensitive sector policies in agriculture, water, energy, forest and wildlife arenas have elements that demonstrate good alignment with adaptation, mitigation, and development priorities. However, as yet, there is only "limited coherence" between climate-sensitive sector policies. The paper identifies the following intervention points: (i) the need to attach greater importance to the threat posed by climate change to agriculture; and (ii) the need to address the lack of inter-agency and inter-ministerial approaches for building partnerships with other stakeholders. Multi-stakeholder workshop discussions highlighted significant challenges relating to limited coordination amongst institutions and agencies, limited institutional capacity and a lack of resources in ensuring coherence. This requires strengthening of national institutions such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to provide appropriate mechanisms to ensure effective collaboration amongst climate-sensitive sectors to deliver "triple wins". The EPA could exert greater influence by nominating "climate champions" in sector ministries.

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Energy sector vulnerability to climate change: A review

Cited by 483 publications

References 63 publications

Design and Experimental Analysis of an Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine Generator

Design and Experimental Analysis of an Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Wind Turbine Generator

Worldwide impacts of climate change on energy for heating and cooling

Assessing Coherence between Sector Policies and Climate Compatible Development: Opportunities for Triple Wins

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