It is shown that the neutrino mass matrices in the flavour basis yielding a vanishing U e3 are characterized by invariance under a class of Z 2 symmetries. A specific Z 2 in this class also leads to a maximal atmospheric mixing angle θ 23 . The breaking of that Z 2 can be parameterized by two dimensionless quantities, ǫ and ǫ ′ ; the effects of ǫ, ǫ ′ = 0 are studied perturbatively and numerically.The induced value of |U e3 | strongly depends on the neutrino mass hierarchy. We find that |U e3 | is less than 0.07 for a normal mass hierarchy, even when ǫ, ǫ ′ ∼ 30%. For an inverted mass hierarchy |U e3 | tends to be around 0.1 but can be as large as 0.17. In the case of quasi-degenerate neutrinos, |U e3 | could be close to its experimental upper bound 0.2. In contrast, |cos 2θ 23 | can always reach its experimental upper bound 0.28. We propose a specific model, based on electroweak radiative corrections in the MSSM, for ǫ and ǫ ′ . In that model, both |U e3 | and |cos 2θ 23 |, could be close to their respective experimental upper bounds if neutrinos are quasi-degenerate. *