Energy Savings and Emission Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Adding Water-Containing Acetone and Neat Soybean Oil to a Diesel-Fueled Engine Generator

Abstract

Dieselhols (blends of diesels, biodiesels, and alcohols) have received considerable attention because of their low emission of CO2. In this study, new blended fuels were formed by adding 1−3 wt % of water-containing acetone (WA) or dehydrated acetone (AC) into a regular diesel (95−97%) and using 1 wt % of isopropyl alcohol (P) and 1 wt % of neat soybean oil (S) or soybean biodiesel (B) as stabilizers. The blended fuels were tested for their energy efficiencies and pollutant emissions in a diesel-fueled engine generator. Experimental results showed that the fuel blend WA3P1S1, which is composed of 3 wt % WA, 1 wt % P, and 1 wt % neat soybean oil, had a good fuel stability and 1.4−5.5% reduction of brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC, mL kW−1 h−1). The better engine performance of WA3P1S1 was due to its higher fuel oxygen content, more complete combustion, and lower reaction temperature based on the water-cooling effect, which reduced emissions to 6.7−13.6% NO x , 9.6−33.3% particulate matter (PM), 7.7−14.3 total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 7.5−11.4% total BaPeq. Nevertheless, using recycled solvents for WA3P1S1, the CO2 emission was 4.92% lower than a regular diesel. Consequently, WA3P1S1 is a more sustainable fuel that can both save energy and reduce pollution.

Persistent Organic Pollutant Reductions from a Diesel Engine Generator Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil-based Biodiesel Blended with Butanol and Acetone

“…Some previous studies indicated that the oxygenated additives in diesel can improve the thermal efficiency of engine and reduce the BSFC (Yoshimoto et al, 1999;Lin et al, 2006;Lin et al, 2010;Mwangi et al, 2015a;Tsai et al, 2015b). However, the alternative ratios in the current study were too high to overcome the loss of heating values.…”

PBDE Emissions during the Start-up Procedure of an Industrial Waste Incinerator by the Co-Combustion of Waste Cooking Oil and Diesel Fuel

“…Notably, the fuel oxygen content of W40D60 and W60D40 were 5.4 and 7.6, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of D100 (1.0%). The fuel oxygen was reported to improve the oxidation reaction in our previous studies and reduce PM, CO, HC, and PAH emissions (Lin et al, 2010(Lin et al, , 2012Chang et al, , 2014. Additionally, the chlorine, sulfur, and aromatic contents could also affect several emissions, such as PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PCDEs, PAHs, PM, SO 2 , and HCl.…”

Emission Reductions of Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Using Microalgae Biodiesel, Butanol and Water in Diesel Engine

“…One of these is the dilution effect that reduces the PAHs present in the overall combusted fuel (Lin et al, 2006a(Lin et al, , 2008Lin et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2011;Chang et al, 2013;. Furthermore, the addition of water causes the micro-explosion phenomena resulting in more turbulent combustion environment that enhances the air/fuel mixing.…”

“…According to (Alahmer, 2013) various ways of incorporating water in the combustion process include use of separate injectors for water and diesel, fumigation in the air intake system, mixing the fuel and water in the fuel lines prior to injection or forming emulsions. The use of water-fuel emulsions have led to remarkable reduction in pollutant emissions especially achieving NO x -PM trade-offs (Lin et al, 2010;Subramanian, 2011;Alahmer, 2013;Chang et al, 2014b). Water emulsions result in micro-explosion phenomena, whereby during combustion, water evaporates faster than diesel due to differences in boiling points (Hagos et al, 2011).…”