Energy saving potential of fragmented green spaces due to their temperature regulating ecosystem services in the summer

Kong, Fanhua; Sun, Changfeng; Liu, Fengfeng; Yin, Hui; Jiang, Fei; Pu, Yingxia; Cavan, Gina; Skelhorn, Cynthia; Middel, Ariane; Dronova, Iryna

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.070

Cited by 101 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Once the model was calibrated, we simulated diverse scenarios to evaluate how different landscape features affect ambient temperature. The scenarios (also referred to as heat mitigating interventions) used for this research were developed with input from urban planners at the City of Portland, as well as previously published studies [36,[57][58][59][60][61][62]. While the urban planners offered insights about the plausibility of scenarios (what city codes would allow), the published research helped to calibrate specifics of the ENVI-Met model.…”

Section: Scenario Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature-Based Designs to Mitigate Urban Heat: The Efficacy of Green Infrastructure Treatments in Portland, Oregon

2019

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Urban heat is a growing environmental concern in cities around the world. The urban heat island effect, combined with warming effects of climate change, is likely to cause an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events. Alterations to the physical, built environment are a viable option for mitigating urban heat, yet few studies provide systematic guidance to practitioners for adapting diverse land uses. In this study, we examine the use of green infrastructure treatments to evaluate changes in ambient temperatures across diverse land uses in the city of Portland, Oregon. We apply ENVI-met® microclimate modeling at the city-block scale specifically to determine what built environment characteristics are most associated with high temperatures, and the extent to which different physical designs reduce ambient temperature. The analysis included six green infrastructure interventions modeled across six different land-use types, and indicated the varying degrees to which approaches are effective. Results were inconsistent across landscapes, and showed that one mitigation solution alone would not significantly reduce extreme heat. These results can be used to develop targeted, climate- and landscape-specific cooling interventions for different land uses, which can help to inform and refine current guidance to achieve urban climate adaptation goals.

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Section: Scenario Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature-Based Designs to Mitigate Urban Heat: The Efficacy of Green Infrastructure Treatments in Portland, Oregon

2019

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“…Inherently linking natural ecosystem process with human well‐being (Kong et al, ; C. Li et al, ; Zheng et al, ), ecosystem services provide an effective approach for assessing conservation needs and spatially identifying the priority areas for urban ecological land. Water‐related ecosystem services, referred to as the “water ecosystem services” (Yang, Zhang, Li, & Wu, ), are considered as the core services to meet urban residents' demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inherently linking natural ecosystem process with human wellbeing (Kong et al, 2016;C. Li et al, 2015;Zheng et al, 2016), ecosystem services provide an effective approach for assessing conservation needs and spatially identifying the priority areas for urban ecological land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial identification of conservation priority areas for urban ecological land: An approach based on water ecosystem services

et al. 2019

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How to effectively prevent land degradation and ecosystem deterioration in the process of urbanization has been the focus of land degradation researches in urban areas. Urban ecological land can be defined as the natural base on which a city relies to ecologically survive. It closely links the social economy with the natural eco‐environment, providing an important integrated approach to resolve the contradiction between urban expansion and natural ecosystems conservation in the process of urbanization. The research question addressed in this study is how to accurately identify the conservation priority areas for urban ecological land. Taking Zhuhai City, located in China, as an example, an approach based on seven kinds of water ecosystem services was put forward, combining social demand and natural supply for the services to determine service targets and conservation priority areas. The results showed that the conservation priority areas in Zhuhai City covered 868 km2, accounting for 51.03% of the total land area, which were mainly covered by woodlands or paddy fields and fish ponds. In addition, by synthesizing ecological importance and ecological sensitivity, management zones for urban ecological land were delineated, including 510 km2 of primary control areas and 358 km2 of secondary control areas. In the supply and demand view of water ecosystem services, this study put forward an integrated ecosystem‐based approach for conservation priority area identification of urban ecological land, aiming to prevent land degradation and achieve urban ecological sustainability.

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“…Generally at whole-city scales (i.e.,~10-50 km dimension) they are (e.g., [22]), but this assumption does not always hold at finer spatial scales; i.e., high-intensity development is frequently hotter and green parks are frequently cooler (e.g., LC features of dimension~0.005-5 km), but this is not an absolute rule. A large proportion of recent studies of UHI or LST in urban areas have focused on the apparent cooling effects of urban green spaces, trees, and water bodies, which are typically correlated with cooler air temperatures and LST (e.g., [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]). However, cities contain a wide variety of types green spaces (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban-Rural Surface Temperature Deviation and Intra-Urban Variations Contained by an Urban Growth Boundary

2019

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The urban heat island (UHI) concept describes heat trapping that elevates urban temperatures relative to rural temperatures, at least in temperate/humid regions. In drylands, urban irrigation can instead produce an urban cool island (UCI) effect. However, the UHI/UCI characterization suffers from uncertainty in choosing representative urban/rural endmembers, an artificial dichotomy between UHIs and UCIs, and lack of consistent terminology for other patterns of thermal variation at nested scales. We use the case of a historically well-enforced urban growth boundary (UGB) around Portland (Oregon, USA): to explore the representativeness of the surface temperature UHI (SUHI) as derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature data, to test common assumptions of characteristically “warm” or “cool” land covers (LCs), and to name other common urban thermal features of interest. We find that the UGB contains heat as well as sprawl, inducing a sharp surface temperature contrast across the urban/rural boundary. The contrast ranges widely depending on the end-members chosen, across a spectrum from positive (SUHI) to negative (SUCI) values. We propose a new, inclusive “urban thermal deviation” (UTD) term to span the spectrum of possible UHI-zero-UCI conditions. We also distinguish at finer scales “microthermal extremes” (MTEs), discrete areas tending in the same thermal direction as their LC or surroundings but to extreme (hot or cold) values, and microthermal anomalies (MTAs), that run counter to thermal expectations or tendencies for their LC or surroundings. The distinction is important because MTEs suggest a need for moderation in the local thermal landscape, whereas MTAs may suggest solutions.

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Energy saving potential of fragmented green spaces due to their temperature regulating ecosystem services in the summer

Cited by 101 publications

References 69 publications

Nature-Based Designs to Mitigate Urban Heat: The Efficacy of Green Infrastructure Treatments in Portland, Oregon

Nature-Based Designs to Mitigate Urban Heat: The Efficacy of Green Infrastructure Treatments in Portland, Oregon

Spatial identification of conservation priority areas for urban ecological land: An approach based on water ecosystem services

Urban-Rural Surface Temperature Deviation and Intra-Urban Variations Contained by an Urban Growth Boundary

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