Energy Saving Potential for Integrated Daylighting and Electric Lighting Design via User-Driven Solutions: A Literature Review

Abstract

Measures for the reduction of electric energy loads for lighting have predominantly focussed on increasing the efficiency of lighting systems. This efficiency has now reached levels unthinkable a few decades ago. However, a focus on mere efficiency is physically limiting, and does not necessarily ensure that the anticipated energy savings actually materialise. This paper presents a literature survey aimed at identifying control strategies and user behaviours leading to a reduction in lighting energy use. Whenever possible, the strategies and behaviours discussed are supported by quantitative data. This survey is part of a more extensive review of the potential for reducing energy use through the integrated design of daylight and electric lighting and their control systems. It concludes with identifying key aspects for lighting control decisions with respect to daylight use, control strategies, control interfaces, feedback systems, rebound effects and social norms regarding user behaviour and makes recommendations for further research.

Effect of Roller Shades on Chromaticity and Colour Rendering Performance of Transmitted Daylight

“…One of the most efficient ways to reduce energy lighting consumption in buildings is to take advantage of the free natural source called sunlight [1] in daytime spaces. The use of daylighting combined with artificial lighting control systems has revealed, in field studies, significant energy savings [2,3]. This is particularly important in regions with many clear sky days, as it offers the opportunity to light indoor daytime spaces with sunlight.…”

Achieving Integrated Daylighting and Electric Lighting Systems: Current State of the Art and Needed Research

“…As far as integration is concerned, the main focus is on achieving it through the proper dimensioning of daylight openings; active controls are circumscribed to the electric lighting, with interactions between the façade and the electric lighting system taking place indirectly through photosensors that are part of the latter, rather than through deeper integration at the system level. More recent work, whether focused on system design [8,9], simulation methods [10], user experience [11], or case studies [11,12], is certainly more advanced in terms of the possibilities of electric lighting and controls, but fundamentally shares this focus on the electric lighting system as separate from the fenestration and does not develop a comprehensive, up-to-date research agenda to achieve truly integrated daylighting and electric lighting systems. As a sign of the continued relevance and importance of achieving this integration, the International Energy Agency's Solar and Heating Cooling Program is coordinating a research project on "Integrated Solutions for Daylight and Electric lighting", with results originally (i.e., prior to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic) scheduled to be available in 2021.…”