Energy saving in carrier-grade networks: A survey

Abstract

Summary-Energy consumption of large-scale networks has become a primary concern in a society increasingly dependent on information technology. Novel solutions that contribute to achieving energy savings in wired networks have been proposed to mitigate ongoing and alarming climate change and global warming. A detailed survey of relevant power-saving approaches in wired networks is presented here. We give a special focus on carrier-grade networks. At first we perform a comprehensive study of communication infrastructures regarding energy saving. Then, we highlight key issues to enable green networks, ranging from network design to network operation. After that, we present the major contributors to power consumption in wireline networks. Afterwards, we survey, classify, and compare the main energyaware methods and mechanisms that are the most appropriate for improving the energy efficiency of carrier-grade networks.

Towards energy efficiency and green network infrastructure deployment in Nepal using software defined IPv6 network paradigm

“…Hence, legacy IPv4 network has greater energy waste problem because of its complexity in management, control, and operation (Bruschi et al, ). Several studies have been performed for the energy aware routing scheme to minimize the energy consumption and carbon footprint reduction to show that IPv6 and SDN have greater flexibility towards green networking (Chabarek et al, ; Gaddour, Koubâa, & Abid, ; Gesi, ; Giroire, Moulierac, & Phan, ; Hu, Luo, Wang, & Deng, ; Maaloul et al, ; Ruiz‐Rivera, Chin, & Soh, ; Saad, Chauvenet, & Tourancheau, ; Tuysuz, Ankarali, & Gözüpek, ; Zhu, Liao, De Laat, & Grosso, ). SDN devices being programmable and controllable, network switches and links can enter into low power state in the sleep mode and the device architecture can be designed to have actual load based proportional energy consumption (Assefa & Ozkasap, ).…”

“…Similarly, ubiquitous mobile devices add approximately 1% to the overall energy usage for ICT (Gelenbe & Caseau, ). On one hand, the CO 2 emissions in ICT sector is estimated to be 2 to 10% of total world CO 2 by 2020 (Maaloul et al, ), and on the other hand, the global e‐Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) estimated that ICT contributes to 9GtCO 2 reduction by 2020 (GeSI, ; Lambert et al, ). ICT will enable others to achieve significant emissions reductions, helping other industries and consumers avoid the estimated 7.8 GtCO 2 emissions by 2020.…”

“…It is estimated that the volume of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission produced by ICT sector will be at least 2% of total world carbon footprint in 2020 (Maaloul, Chaari, & Cousin, ). The total energy consumption ratio by the ICT sector in 2012 was 4.7% of the total worldwide energy consumption (Gelenbe & Caseau, ).…”

Affordable Broadband with Software Defined IPv6 Network for Developing Rural Communities

“…With the exponential growth of internet users worldwide, evolving smart cities with an increase of wireless sensor networks and internet-of-things devices, the energy consumption by ICT equipment is rapidly increasing, leading to increased carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission. The volume of CO 2 emission produced by the ICT sector is estimated to be at least 2% of the world's total carbon footprint in 2020 [20]. The ICT sector is forecasted to contribute 1.3 Gt of greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 [21].…”

“…Significant amounts of energy savings in an ISP's network would help to reduce the annual energy bill as a part of organizational OpEX [23]. Considering the greening approach by newer networking technologies like SDN and IPv6, we can find that there are several studies that contribute to green ICT with an energy aware routing scheme for energy saving and carbon footprint reduction to show that IPv6 and SDN have greater flexibility towards green networking [20,[24][25][26][27].…”