Energy-saving hybrid vehicle using a pneumatic-power system

Analysis and evaluation of hybrid scooter transmission systems

“…(10)- (12), once the directions of the relative power and the torque ratios of the two-dof PGT are known, the mechanical efficiency of the split power system can be solved.…”

“…Over the past few years, hybrid power systems are mostly used in automobiles. Numerous hybrid vehicle configurations have been developed and marketed [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, scooters have little space and need inexpensive; so it is difficult to install the transmission devices for hybrid power system.…”

Study of the effect of contraction of cross-sectional area on flow energy merger in hybrid pneumatic power system

“…In order to resolve the weaknesses outlined above, an innovative hybrid pneumatic power system (HPPS) is integrated by an ICE, a turbine and an air compressor, which stores the flow energy instead of a battery's electrochemical energy, recycles the ICE exhaust-gas energy and makes the ICE operate at its optimal point has been proposed in previous studies by the authors [11][12][13]. According to the results of these studies, approximately 60-70% of the exhaust-gas energy from the ICE can be recycled and, therefore, this system can actually increase the vehicle's efficiency from the original 15-33%, an increase of 18% in overall efficiency.…”

Review on Exhaust Heat Recovery Systems in Diesel Engine

“…Pneumatic hybridization engines also offer improved fuel economy and reduced emissions. Compared with a conventional diesel vehicle for the drive cycles of NEDC, UDDS, HWFET, and JAPAN10-15, Chen and Xu believed that the parallel pneumatic hybrid vehicle could decrease emissions by 58.84% (NEDC), 38.76% (UDDS), 14.54% 4(HWFET), and 66.59% (JAPAN10-15), and save energy by 13.12%, 14.06%, 16.27%, and 28.06%, respectively [26]. According to simulation results, the overall efficiency of HPPS can be expected to increase by approximately 20% [27].…”