Energy-rich glyceric acid oxygen esters: Implications for the origin of glycolysis

Weber, Arthur L.; Hsu, Victor L.

doi:10.1007/bf01808275

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, decreased levels of fructose and glyceric acid were also observed in the colon of THS-treated rats. Both of these metabolites are closely associated with the metabolism of glycolysis [33]. As stated above, DHAP isomerizes to the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and participates in the glycolytic pathway [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics analysis of gut barrier dysfunction in a trauma-hemorrhagic shock rat model

Zhang

et al. 2019

Bioscience Reports

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Intestinal barrier dysfunction has been implicated in the development of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome caused by the trauma-hemorrhagic shock (THS). However, the mechanisms underlying THS-induced gut barrier injury are still poorly understood. In the present study, we used the metabolomics analysis to test the hypothesis that altered metabolites might be related to the development of THS-induced barrier dysfunction in the large intestine. Under the induction of THS, gut barrier failure was characterized by injury of permeability and mucus layer, which were companied by the decreased expression of zonula occludens-1 in the colon and increased levels of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in the serum. A total of 16 differential metabolites were identified in colonic tissues from THS-treated rats compared with control rats. These altered metabolites included dihydroxy acetone phosphate, ribose-5-phosphate, fructose, glyceric acid, succinic acid, and adenosine, which are critical intermediates or end products that are involved in pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate biosynthesis. These findings may offer important insight into the metabolic alterations in THS-treated gut injury, which will be helpful for developing effective metabolites-based strategies to prevent THS-induced gut barrier dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics analysis of gut barrier dysfunction in a trauma-hemorrhagic shock rat model

Zhang

et al. 2019

Bioscience Reports

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“…On the other hand, the lower part of glycolysis, from glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate to pyruvate is universally conserved, and glyceraldehyde is one of the most attractive intermediates as an energy source for primitive organisms provided with nascent glycolysis. Some advantages of glyceraldehyde are: (a) it can be produced from formaldehyde under plausible prebiotic conditions [126–128]; (b) through glycolysis, it is an energy source for living purposes; (c) it is an important metabolite in photosynthesis; (d) it can be used in prebiotic condensation reactions [129,130]; and (e) it is a source of glycerol, necessary for synthesis of glycerolipids, the precursors of biomembranes.…”

Section: Is There a Mdr Ancestral Activity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, taxonomy and evolution of medium‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily

Riveros‐Rosas

Julián‐Sánchez

Villalobos‐Molina

et al. 2003

European Journal of Biochemistry

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A comprehensive, structural and functional, in silico analysis of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily, including 583 proteins, was carried out by use of extensive database mining and the BLASTP program in an iterative manner to identify all known members of the superfamily. Based on phylogenetic, sequence, and functional similarities, the protein members of the MDR superfamily were classified into three different taxonomic categories: (a) subfamilies, consisting of a closed group containing a set of ideally orthologous proteins that perform the same function; (b) families, each comprising a cluster of monophyletic subfamilies that possess significant sequence identity among them and might share or not common substrates or mechanisms of reaction; and (c) macrofamilies, each comprising a cluster of monophyletic protein families with protein members from the three domains of life, which includes at least one subfamily member that displays activity related to a very ancient metabolic pathway. In this context, a superfamily is a group of homologous protein families (and/or macrofamilies) with monophyletic origin that shares at least a barely detectable sequence similarity, but showing the same 3D fold.The MDR superfamily encloses three macrofamilies, with eight families and 49 subfamilies. These subfamilies exhibit great functional diversity including noncatalytic members with different subcellular, phylogenetic, and species distributions. This results from constant enzymogenesis and proteinogenesis within each kingdom, and highlights the huge plasticity that MDR superfamily members possess. Thus, through evolution a great number of taxa-specific new functions were acquired by MDRs. The generation of new functions fulfilled by proteins, can be considered as the essence of protein evolution. The mechanisms of protein evolution inside MDR are not constrained to conserve substrate specificity and/or chemistry of catalysis. In consequence, MDR functional diversity is more complex than sequence diversity.MDR is a very ancient protein superfamily that existed in the last universal common ancestor. It had at least two (and probably three) different ancestral activities related to formaldehyde metabolism and alcoholic fermentation. Eukaryotic members of this superfamily are more related to bacterial than to archaeal members; horizontal gene transfer among the domains of life appears to be a rare event in modern organisms.Keywords: protein taxonomy; protein evolution; mediumchain alcohol dehydrogenase; enoyl reductase; formaldehyde dehydrogenase.Correspondence to H. Riveros-Rosas, Depto. Bioquı´mica, Fac. Medicina, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70-159, Cd. Universitaria, Me´xico, 04510, D.F., Me´xico. Fax: + 52 55 5616 2419, Tel.: + 52 55 5622 0829, E-mail: hriveros@servidor.unam.mx Abbreviations: AADH, allyl alcohol dehydrogenase; ACR, acyl-CoA reductase; ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; AL, alginate lyase; ARP, auxinregulated protein; AST, membrane traffic protein; BCHC, 2-desacetyl-2-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyll...

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“…Life would not exist without these key molecules. Weber and Hsu have suggested that glyceraldehyde and glyceric acid esters could plausibly be the key molecules in the chemical evolution that led to earlier metabolic reactions [161,162]. Some of the characteristic features that make glyceraldehyde an ideal candidate for several metabolic pathways include its structural simplicity and plausible prebiotic synthesis from simple precursor such as formaldehyde as well as successful incorporation into various other chemical reactions to yield important biomolecules such as glycerol and energy-rich glycerol thioesters [163][164][165].…”

Section: A Few More Key Derivatives Of Glycerol Relevant To Origin Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phosphorylated derivatives of these compounds are critical parts of metabolism. The prebiotic synthesis of phosphorylated derivatives of these compounds has been demonstrated [151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164], and these compounds serve as "feedstock" molecules to more complex sugars and macromolecules. Glycerol has also been demonstrated to serve as a backbone in synthetic nucleic acids as iso-GNAs [169][170][171][172][173].…”

Section: Recapitulation and Closing Thoughtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Glycerol and Its Derivatives in the Biochemistry of Living Organisms, and Their Prebiotic Origin and Significance in the Evolution of Life

Gull

Pasek

2021

Catalysts

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The emergence and evolution of prebiotic biomolecules on the early Earth remain a question that is considered crucial to understanding the chemistry of the origin of life. Amongst prebiotic molecules, glycerol is significant due to its ubiquity in biochemistry. In this review, we discuss the significance of glycerol and its various derivatives in biochemistry, their plausible roles in the origin and evolution of early cell membranes, and significance in the biochemistry of extremophiles, followed by their prebiotic origin on the early Earth and associated catalytic processes that led to the origin of these compounds. We also discuss various scenarios for the prebiotic syntheses of glycerol and its derivates and evaluate these to determine their relevance to early Earth biochemistry and geochemistry, and recapitulate the utilization of various minerals (including clays), condensation agents, and solvents that could have led to the successful prebiotic genesis of these biomolecules. Furthermore, important prebiotic events such as meteoritic delivery and prebiotic synthesis reactions under astrophysical conditions are also discussed. Finally, we have also highlighted some novel features of glycerol, including glycerol nucleic acid (GNA), in the origin and evolution of the life.

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Energy-rich glyceric acid oxygen esters: Implications for the origin of glycolysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Metabolomics analysis of gut barrier dysfunction in a trauma-hemorrhagic shock rat model

Metabolomics analysis of gut barrier dysfunction in a trauma-hemorrhagic shock rat model

Diversity, taxonomy and evolution of medium‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily

The Role of Glycerol and Its Derivatives in the Biochemistry of Living Organisms, and Their Prebiotic Origin and Significance in the Evolution of Life

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