Energy requirements in frail elderly people: A review of the literature

Gaillard, Cathy; Alix, E.; Sallé, Agnès; Berrut, Gilles; Ritz, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2006.08.003

Cited by 95 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…If the interest is only energy needs, cheaper and simpler methods such as the Harris-Benedict prediction formula in combination with an estimate for physical activity could be chosen. Some studies (Bardoel et al, 2001), Gaillard et al, 2007) showed that the Harris-Benedict equations can accurately predict resting energy expenditure, adjusted for difference in body weight and fat-free mass of both the successful ageing adult and the older adult with physical impairments. For assessing dehydration, frequently weighing elderly people is a simple but best practice method to monitor changes in water balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary assessment in elderly people: experiences gained from studies in the Netherlands

2009

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Background/Objectives: In selecting a dietary assessment method, several aspects such as the aim of the study and the characteristics of the target population should be taken into account. In elderly people, diminished functionality and cognitive decline may hamper dietary assessment and require tailored approaches to assess dietary intake. The objective of this paper is to summarize our experience in dietary assessment in a number of different studies in population groups over 65 years of age in the Netherlands, and to discuss this experience in the perspective of other nutrition surveys in the elderly. Methods: In longitudinal studies, we applied a modified dietary history; in clinical nursing home studies, trained staff observed and recorded food consumption; and in a controlled trial in healthy elderly men, we used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: For all methods applied in the community-dwelling elderly people, validation studies showed a similar underestimation of intake of 10-15% compared with the reference value. In the care-depending elderly, the underestimation was less: 5% according to an observational method. The methods varied widely in the resources required, including burden to the participants, field staff and finances. Conclusions: For effective dietary assessment in older adults, the major challenge will be to distinguish between those elderly who are able to respond correctly to the less intensive methods, such as 24-h recalls or FFQ, and those who are not able to respond to these methods and require adapted techniques, for example, observational records.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary assessment in elderly people: experiences gained from studies in the Netherlands

2009

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“…Daily energy requirements can be gauged based on estimates of physical activity level and resting energy expenditure, using predictive formulas like the HarrisBenedict and Schofield equations [75]. However, these equations have not been validated in patients with neurodegenerative disease and should only be used as a guide, particularly because requirements are greater in people who are underweight [76]. As patients who need feeding assistance, and the elderly in general, are at an increased risk of developing micronutrient deficiencies, the routine use of vitamin and mineral supplements should also be considered [32,77].…”

Section: ■ Nutritional Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight loss in neurodegenerative disorders

et al. 2008

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Unintended weight loss frequently complicates the course of many neurodegenerative disorders and can contribute substantially to both morbidity and mortality. This will be illustrated here by reviewing the characteristics of unintended weight loss in the three major neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. A common denominator of weight loss in these neurodegenerative disorders is its typically complex pathophysiology. Timely recognition of the underlying pathophysiological process is of crucial importance, since a tailored treatment of weight loss can considerably improve the quality of life. This treatment is, primarily, comprised of a number of methods of increasing energy intake. Moreover, there are indications for defects in the systemic energy homeostasis and gastrointestinal function, which may also serve as therapeutic targets. However, the clinical merits of such interventions have yet to be demonstrated.

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“…The kcal expended portion of the equation was determined using three energy expenditure equations. These energy expenditure equations were consistent with the literature (Frankenfield et al, 2005;Gaillard et al, 2007;Spears, 2009). …”

Section: Potential Predictor Variablessupporting

confidence: 89%

An Investigation into Equations for Estimating Water Requirements and the Development of New Equations for Predicting Total Water Intake

Tannenbaum¹

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Energy requirements in frail elderly people: A review of the literature

Cited by 95 publications

References 41 publications

Dietary assessment in elderly people: experiences gained from studies in the Netherlands

Dietary assessment in elderly people: experiences gained from studies in the Netherlands

Weight loss in neurodegenerative disorders

An Investigation into Equations for Estimating Water Requirements and the Development of New Equations for Predicting Total Water Intake

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