Energy Requirements for Growth in the Norfolk Terrier

Abstract

An appropriate energy intake for healthy growth can reduce the risk of obesity and co-morbidities, such as orthopaedic diseases. The 2006 National Research Council (NRC) universal equation calculates the energy requirement of growing dogs based on predicted adult body weight, but evidence suggests a revision may be required. This study investigates the energy requirements of seventeen Norfolk terrier puppies over their first year (10 to 52 weeks). Puppies were individually fed complete and balanced diets in amounts to maintain an optimal body condition score (BCS), recording intake daily and body weight and BCS weekly. To monitor health a veterinary examination, haematology and plasma biochemistry and serum measures of bone turnover were undertaken every 12 weeks. Skeletal development was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (26 and 52 weeks). Puppies were clinically healthy with normal skeletal development and healthy growth throughout. The energy intake to achieve this was significantly lower than that predicted by the NRC (2006) equation at all time points, with largest mean difference of 285 kJ/kg0·75 per day at 10 weeks. If fed according to the NRC 2006 equation, dogs would have been in positive energy balance, possibly leading to obesity. These data support a revision to the NRC (2006) equation.

Long-term daily feeding of cannabidiol is well-tolerated by healthy dogs

“…Non-specific cross reactivity with other isoenzymes of ALP has been reported when using immunoassays for evaluation of BALP ( 43 , 44 ). However, the methodology used in the current study has been validated for use in canines ( 45 ) and tested for specificity to canine BALP ( 46 , 47 ). In contrast, a marker of osteoclastic activity (CTX) did not display a significant increase in the CBD group over the same period.…”