Energy quantisation in figure eight fibre laser

Geometrical description of the onset of multi-pulsing in mode-locked laser cavities

“…In this case, the total cavity energy along with the single pulse's energy is depicted as a function of increasing gain. This curve is in complete agreement with numerous experimental and theoretical findings [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Specifically, each of these experiments demonstrates that as the gain pumping is increased, the number of pulses in the cavity increases in an approximately linear and discrete manner as demonstrated in Fig.…”

“…The onset of multi-pulsing as a function of increasing laser cavity energy is a well-known physical phenomenon [1,2] that has been observed in a myriad of theoretical and experimental mode-locking studies in both passive and active laser cavities [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Aside from two purely theoretical (computational) studies [3,4], the bulk of these observations has been almost exclusively experimental in nature.…”

“…Often it is the case that various of these branches are stable at the same time, thus leading to bistable behavior in the system [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Starting from initial white noise in the laser cavity, an effective model must select which branch of solutions is selected in the modelocking process.…”

Mechanism of intrinsic wavelength tuning and sideband asymmetry in a passively mode-locked soliton fiber ring laser

“…Novel features such as the transform-limited soliton-pulse formation, 1,2 pulse-energy quantization, 2,3 harmonic mode locking, 4,5 and noiselike-pulse output 6,7 have been observed in the laser. In this paper we report on another intrinsic behavior of the laser; we show experimentally that by simple adjustment of the polarization controllers of the laser, the central wavelength of the mode-locked pulses can be continuously tuned.…”

Multipulse operation of a Ti:sapphire laser mode locked by an ion-implanted semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror

“…A large number of randomly spaced solitons were observed within the cavity of a figure-eight fiber laser. 2 In this context it was found that the intracavity energy was quantized, increasing in steps with the number of solitons present. More recently, the breakup of single pulses into multiple pulses was seen in a Kerr lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser 3 as well as in other solidstate lasers mode locked by semiconductor saturableabsorber mirrors (SESAM's).…”