Energy production from mechanical biological treatment and Composting plants exploiting solid anaerobic digestion batch: An Italian case study

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Environmental Impact from Recycling the Organic Fraction of Solid Waste: Comparison of Different Treatment Schemes from a Life Cycle Perspective

“…In addition to being a further increase in cost, the dewatering process can remove up to 80% of the nutrients from the solid fraction of the digestate, consequently reducing the concentration of the nutrients in the final soil amendment [10]. As already demonstrated in previous studies [2,11,12], a solid anaerobic digestion batch (SADB), which operates with TS up to 40% w/w, can significantly reduce these problems even if biogas yields are lower. The amount of liquid digestate generated spontaneously during SADB is usually <10% w/w of the amount of OFMSW processed [2], whereas the solid digestate is directly treatable in the successive post-composting (PC) phase.…”

“…The energetic performances together with biogas yields of the AD of OFMSW have been widely investigated in the literature. Bio-methane yields, expressed in normal liter (NL) (P = 101,325 Pa, T = 27,314 K) per kg of volatile solids (VS), ranging from 201 NL/kgVS to 430 NL/kgVS have been reported by several authors for full, pilot, and lab-scale apparatuses [2,[4][5][6]. For full-scale facilities, the amount of energy recoverable ranged from about 200 kWh/Mg to 360 kWh/Mg depending on OFMSW features, plant size and the adopted technologies [2,7].…”

“…On the other hand, if properly managed, OFMSW could be an important source of energy and materials to replace fossil and other raw mineral resources. Among the possible options available for OFMSW treatment, anaerobic digestion (AD) has been successfully used for recovering material (e.g., nutrients and organic carbon) and energy [1,2]. AD can also play an important role in the waste management sector for substituting fossil fuels with biogas [3] and in improving the energetic efficiency of the whole biological treatment of the OFMSW.…”

Analytical research into the motion of organic mixture components during formation of compost clamps

“…At subsequent aeration, carbon oxide is released while the raw materials are oxyge nated [11,12]. Although articles [7][8][9][10] address the influence of the shape of a clamp and appropriate aeration [4,5,11] on the compost formation process, but the parameters of machines that can perform the required technological operations are not sufficiently formalized.…”

“…Most commonly used is the open technique of producing compost [3]. In this way, using the technical means enables the ordering of organic raw materials, which are arranged in clamps, stacks, and piles [7,8]. When using the open method of composting, important role is played by the shape of clamps, which affects air access to the components of compost, as well as its arrangement [1,3,8].…”