Energy Production and Health Externalities: Evidence from Oil Refinery Strikes in France

Lavaine, Emmanuelle; Neidell, Matthew

doi:10.1086/691554

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These estimates are roughly two to six times larger than ours, though they refer to CO eects and not to PM 10 . In the same spirit, Lavaine and Neidell (2017) nd that birth weight and gestational age of the newborns are particularly aected by exposure to SO 2 during the rst and the third trimesters of pregnancy, with the estimates in the third trimester being much larger than ours for PM 10 . Finally, in the study by Currie and Walker (2011) focusing on the reduction of air emissions caused by the introduction of electronic toll collection (E-ZPass), the associated reduced NO 2 levels substantially decreased the incidence of prematurity and low birth weight in the vicinity of toll plazas.…”

Section: Analysis By Trimester Of Gestation In Panel B Ofsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…They nd that E-ZPass reduced NO 2 levels, with a lower incidence of PTB and LBW in the proximity of toll plazas. Oil renery strikes in France served as a natural experiment to analyze the eects of pollution on health at birth in a study by Lavaine and Neidell (2017), which shows that the temporary disruption in the processing of oil led to signicant declines in SO 2 concentrations and increases in birth weight and length of gestation of the newborns. The strongest eects are observed for exposures to the strike during the rst and third trimesters of pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Italy

2019

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.We investigate the impact of fetal exposure to air pollution on health outcomes at birth in Italy in the 2000s combining information on mother's residential location from birth certificates with information on PM10 concentrations from air quality monitors.The potential endogeneity deriving from differential pollution exposure is addressed by exploiting as-good-as-random variation in rainfall shocks as an instrumental variable for air pollution concentrations. Our results show that both average levels of PM10 and days above the hazard limit have detrimental effects on birth weight, duration of gestation as well as overall health status at birth. These effects are mainly driven by pollution exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy and further differ in size with respect to the maternal socio-economic status, suggesting that babies born to socially disadvantaged mothers are more vulnerable. Given the non negligible effects of pollution on birth outcomes, further policy efforts are needed to fully protect fetuses from the adverse effects of air pollution and to mitigate the environmental inequality of health at birth. JEL Classification:I18, J13, Q53, Q58

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Section: Analysis By Trimester Of Gestation In Panel B Ofsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Italy

2019

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“…A large number of researches has confirmed the link between high levels of air pollutants and deteriorating health, in both developed countries ( Lavaine and Neidell, 2017 ; Deryugina et al, 2019 ) and developing countries ( Ebenstein et al, 2017 ; Fan et al, 2020 ). Here, we present a brief analysis on the health benefits from the air improvement during the lockdown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on global air quality and health

Liu

Wang

Zheng

2021

Science of The Total Environment

162

127

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The COVID-19 pandemic has put much of the world into lockdown, as one unintended upside to this response, the air quality has been widely reported to have improved worldwide. Existing studies examine the environmental effect of lockdowns at a city- or country-level, few examines it from a global perspective. Using a novel COVID-19 government response tracker dataset, combining the daily air pollution data and weather data across 597 major cities worldwide between January 1, 2020, and July 5, 2020, this study quantifies the causal impacts of 8 types of lockdown measures on changes of a range of individual pollutants based on a difference-in-differences design. The results show that the NO 2 air quality index value falls more precipitously (23–37%) relative to the pre-lockdown period, followed by PM 10 (14–20%), SO 2 (2–20%), PM 2.5 (7–16%), and CO (7–11%), but the O 3 increases 10–27%. Furthermore, intra/intercity travel restrictions have a better performance in curbing air pollution. These results are robust to a set of alternative specifications, including different panel sizes, independent variables, estimation strategies. The heterogeneity analysis in terms of different types of cities shows that the lockdown effects are more remarkable in cities from lower-income, more industrialized, and populous countries. We also do a back-of-the-envelope calculation of the subsequent health benefits following such improvement, and the expected averted premature deaths due to air pollution declines are around 99,270 to 146,649 among 76 countries and regions involved in this study during the COVID-19 lockdown. These findings underscore the importance of continuous air pollution control strategies to protect human health and reduce the associated social welfare loss both during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…For example, Currie and Walker (2011) estimate that reductions in air pollution from E-Z Pass result in reductions of low birth weight (LBW) between 8.5–11.3 percent and Zahran et al (2012) utilize the natural experiment of benzene content in gasoline from 1996 to 1999 in the US and found exposure to benzene reduces birth weight by 16.5 g and increases the odds of a very low birth weight event by a multiplicative factor. Lavaine and Neidell (2013) use the natural experiment of a strike that affected oil refineries in France to explore the temporary reductions in SO 2 and find that the reductions increased birth weight by 75 grams, on average (2.3 percent increase) and reduced low birth weight by 2 percentage points for residences within 8 km of the air pollution monitor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shale gas development and infant health: Evidence from Pennsylvania

Hill

2018

Journal of Health Economics

125

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This research exploits the introduction of shale gas wells in Pennsylvania in response to growing controversy around the drilling method of hydraulic fracturing. Using detailed location data on maternal addresses and GIS coordinates of gas wells, this study examines singleton births to mothers residing close to a shale gas well from 2003 to 2010 in Pennsylvania. The introduction of drilling increased low birth weight and decreased term birth weight on average among mothers living within 2.5 km of a well compared to mothers living within 2.5 km of a permitted well. Adverse effects were also detected using measures such as small for gestational age and APGAR scores, while no effects on gestation periods were found. In the intensive margin, an additional well is associated with a 7 percent increase in low birth weight, a 5 g reduction in term birth weight and a 3 percent increase in premature birth. These results are robust to other measures of infant health, many changes in specification and falsification tests. These findings suggest that shale gas development poses significant risks to human health.

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Energy Production and Health Externalities: Evidence from Oil Refinery Strikes in France

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Italy

Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Italy

Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on global air quality and health

Shale gas development and infant health: Evidence from Pennsylvania

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