“…One well-known phenomenon in alkali-metal vapors is energy pooling, which arises when two optically-excited atoms collide inelastically, resulting in energy transfer to states with higher energy. Energy-pooling collisions have been studied extensively in sodium [27,28], potassium, [29,30], rubidium [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and cesium [39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and play an important role in frequency conversion schemes [10].…”