Energy policy, aid, and the development of renewable energy resources in Small Island Developing States

Dornan, Matthew; Shah, Kalim U.

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.035

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Many have shown strong interest in introducing cleaner, more financially sustainable options particularly for electricity generation, driven by both economic and risk considerations [10]. Some have adopted targets for scaling up renewable energy that are at the most ambitious end of the spectrum globally [11]-the Cook Islands, Cape Verde, Fiji, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu and Samoa all aim to increase the share of renewable energy in their power mix to between 60 and 100%.…”

Section: Energy Challenges In Sidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addressing SIDS energy challenges is no easy task. A wide range of barriers have been cited: lack of information and awareness [1,12,13]; high costs and lack of suitable financing [1,3,[11][12][13][14][15] including limited financial services in some countries; the absence of supportive regulatory frameworks such as rules that make it difficult for utilities to undertake grid extensions in rural areas, or the presence of poorly designed subsidies that keep energy prices artificially low and discourage investment [1,3,[11][12][13][14]16]; small energy markets which constrain the establishment of independent regulatory agencies that can be crucial to the development of new policy measures that will support energy investment [11]; resistance by incumbent-usually state-ownedpower companies to new technologies [1,11,17]; limited technical capacity for working with new sources of energy including renewables [3,14,18]; lack of negotiating capacity [19]; low financial transparency and sustainability of utilities [18]; lack of long-term planning and political commitments [20], mirrored by the short-term horizons of international donors [14]; weak regional coordination, particularly noted in the case of African SIDS [21]; and in some cases, the need for social or cultural changes in order to switch energy sources or technologies [16,18].…”

Section: Energy Challenges In Sidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development aid for energy in Small Island Developing States

Atteridge

Savvidou

2019

Energ Sustain Soc

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Background: Energy is given high priority in the national development agendas of most Small Island Developing States (SIDS) because it is intertwined with social, economic and environmental challenges. Many SIDS experience heavy fiscal burdens associated with imported fuels, some have very low electricity access rates, and islands also have a strong interest in the transition to cleaner energy because they are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This paper presents a global mapping of development finance for SIDS' energy sectors. We analyse whether energy aid has increased following international commitments to support developing countries tackle climate change and whether this is supporting renewable energy, whether finance has been targeted to different recipient countries based on either their income status or their electricity access rates and whether electricity access rates have substantially improved during this time, and whether financial commitments are actually being disbursed. Methods: Focusing mainly on the period 2002-2016, we use data reported by bilateral and multilateral sources to the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development's Development Assistance Committee on financial support to 37 SIDS. Our analysis includes almost 5700 energy-related transactions between 2002 and 2016. Data on populations and electricity access rates of individual countries come from the World Bank's Open Data platform. Results: We observe an increase in funding since 2009 and a shift towards renewables, and solar particularly, though oil-fired plants and other non-renewables continue to be funded. Energy aid is unevenly spread between SIDS, on a total and a per capita basis. There is little correlation between the allocations made to individual countries and either their income or energy access gaps, and improvements in electricity access have been slow in those countries where the gap is largest. We also identify low disbursement rates, suggesting implementation problems. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to improve the quantity and quality of aid to help SIDS tackle their significant energy challenges. While the trend towards more funding for renewables is positive, low disbursement levels and limited support for strengthening local human and institutional capacities may be limiting its effectiveness.

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Section: Energy Challenges In Sidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Challenges In Sidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development aid for energy in Small Island Developing States

Atteridge

Savvidou

2019

Energ Sustain Soc

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“…This target is within the range proposed by [57,58]: from 15% (Antigua and Barbuda) to 100% (Dominica) for the Caribbean Islands. Therefore, the methodology used in this case study can be applied to other islands or to the SIDS.…”

Section: Setting the Long-term Electric System Targetmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The decision to choose to construct the final system relies on broad-based political support by the highest authority, because the decision includes risks in terms of the feasibility and sustainability of renewable energy development [57]. The methodology used in this case study can be applied to others small islands or to the SIDS for planning island electricity systems that will achieve low emission targets in their electricity generation.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PV, Wind and Storage Integration on Small Islands for the Fulfilment of the 50-50 Renewable Electricity Generation Target

2017

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Decarbonisation in the generation of electricity is necessary to reduce fossil fuel consumption, the pollution emitted and to meet the Energy Technology Perspectives 2 • C Scenario (2DS) targets. Small islands are not exempt from this target, so this study's emphasis is placed on a 50-50 target: to reduce the fossil fuel consumption through electricity generation from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to cover 50% of all electric demand by 2050 on small islands. Using Cozumel Island, Mexico, as a case study, this analysis will be based on three factors: economical, technical, and land-use possibilities of integrating Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) into the existing electrical grid. This analysis is made through long-term statistical models. A deterministic methodology is used to perform time-series simulations. The selection of the best system was made on the basis of a Dimensional Statistical Variable (DSV) through primary and secondary category rankings. The presented methodology determines the best systems for capturing the initial capital cost and competitiveness of this new proposal compared with the current system of electricity generation on the Island, and can be applied to small islands as well. According to the results, all systems proposed are able to completely satisfy the renewable electricity needed by 2050 in all scenarios. From the 12 system proposals that were compared, two systems, System 2 and System 7, were chosen as eligible systems to be installed. The Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) result for System 2 was 0.2518 US$/kWh and for System 7 was 0.2265 US$/kWh by 2018 in the Base Scenario. Meanwhile, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) value fluctuated from 17.2% for System 2 to 31% for System 7.

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“…There are now six sections defined for electricity instead of four, and all types of voltages are affected by the increase. The rate of electricity price per Kwh has increased by 2.9% for low voltage, 6.1% for medium voltage, and 4.7% for high and very high voltage [29].…”

Section: Energy Tariff Policy End Use Energy Prices (Household and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable energy in emergent countries: lessons from energy transition in Morocco

2017

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Morocco, which has no conventional energy resources, depends entirely on the international primary energy market to satisfy its growing demand due to its economic growth and demographic progression. The country imports the majority of its energy source supply. Morocco has implemented an important energy strategy that supports the country's transition to renewable energy and energy efficiency that generalizes across all consumer sectors of the economy (housing, transport, industry). To fulfill this energy transition, the liberalization of renewable energy market was adopted and financial mechanisms have been created to stimulate private sector involvement and to facilitate the implementation of the public-private partnership. The government and public institutions that were created to accompany Morocco's energy vision have committed to drive the development of projects in the priority areas of renewable energy and energy efficiency, but the country still needs to deal with many barriers related to the policy, financial, and technical frameworks.

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Energy policy, aid, and the development of renewable energy resources in Small Island Developing States

Cited by 75 publications

References 35 publications

Development aid for energy in Small Island Developing States

Development aid for energy in Small Island Developing States

PV, Wind and Storage Integration on Small Islands for the Fulfilment of the 50-50 Renewable Electricity Generation Target

Renewable energy in emergent countries: lessons from energy transition in Morocco

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