Energy Performance of Hotel Buildings in Lijiang, China

Abstract

Abstract:The hotel industry in China has experienced rapid growth in the past ten years and made a considerable contribution to the global tourism economy. This paper focuses on the energy performance of hotel buildings in Lijiang, China. Hotel characteristics, daily operational data, and energy use data were collected by carrying out a survey of 24 hotels. The average annual energy use intensity (EUI) of four-, three-, two-, and one-star rated hotels was 180.8 kWh/m 2 , 113.3 kWh/m 2 , 74.2 kWh/m 2 , and 70.2 kWh/m 2 , respectively. Electricity, as the dominant energy source, accounted for 81% of total energy consumption and was used in the operation of air conditioning, lighting, heating, etc. Pearson correlations between EUI showed that hotel star rating, number of guest rooms, room revenue, and number of workers gave a reasonably strong correlation. A regression-based benchmarking model was established to predict EUI, and a standardization process of EUI was illustrated by statistical analysis.

A Simplified Methodology for Existing Tertiary Buildings’ Cooling Energy Need Estimation at District Level: A Feasibility Study of a District Cooling System in Marrakech

“…Finally, the conditioned area can be estimated using digital maps or correlations such as based on the number of rooms. Examples of correlations between electricity consumption and the number of rooms for different classes of hotels are described in [14][15][16]19].…”

“…Several studies have shown indeed that air conditioning need is responsible for most of the total electricity consumption [13][14][15][16] of tertiary buildings (i.e., hotels), and the correlation between electrical power and cooling demand has been investigated in many cases [17]. Therefore, building energy bills represent a suitable example of historical data for cooling estimation.…”

“…However, in tertiary buildings, yearly occupancy rate can be considered to have only a small effect on the electricity consumption, especially when it is higher than 70% [13], since the cooling system is constantly active [14]. This is especially true for high-standard hotels, and the study in [15] shows the low significant correlation between energy use intensity and occupancy rate.…”

“…dQ C,nd dt = dQ int dt + dQ ext dt (9) where dQ C,nd is the variation of cooling energy need, dQ ext is the variation of external energy gains, Q int is the variation internal energy gains, and dt is the variation of time (e.g., one-hour time step). As it has been mentioned in Section 1.2, indoor comfort conditions are usually constant in tertiary buildings, so the effects of internal gains can be negligible in comparison with other parameters [13][14][15] (10). Therefore, we consider the outdoor weather as the main influencing factor [20].…”

Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Energy-saving Renovation of Existing Buildings

“…According to the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics, total energy consumption in the construction industry reached 769.641 million tons of standard coal (Zhou et al, 2010). In addition, the existing hotels built in the early 21 st century lacked necessary thermal insulation measures (Ding et al, 2011;Tang et al, 2016). The practice of energy-saving renovations in existing public buildings is considered to be an essential way to reduce energy consumption and alleviate indoor climate issues (Dodoo et al, 2017;Krstic-Furundzic et al, 2019).…”