Energy nonlinearity in radiation detection materials: Causes and consequences

Jaffe, John E.; Jordan, David V.; Peurrung, A.J.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.09.097

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). dn e dt = G e + D e ∇ 2 n e + µ e ∇ · n e − → E − (K 1e + S 1e )n e − Bn e n h − B ht n e n ht − K 3 n e n e n h − K 3 n e n e n ht (1)…”

Section: The Model and Its Numerical Solution In Electron Tracksunclassified

“…dn et dt = D et ∇ 2 n et + µ et ∇ · n et − → E + S 1e n e − K 1et n et − B et n et n h − B tt n et n ht − K 3 n e n et n h (4) dn ht dt = S 1h n h − B ht n e n ht − B tt n et n ht − K 3 n e n e n ht (5) dN t dt = S 1E N + B ht n e n ht + B et n et n h + B tt n et n ht − R 1Et N t − K 2Et N 2 t (6)…”

Section: The Model and Its Numerical Solution In Electron Tracksunclassified

“…This is a significant factor affecting the various 2 nd and 3 rd order rate terms in Eqs. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) that depend on overlap of the electron and hole populations.…”

Section: The Model and Its Numerical Solution In Electron Tracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupled rate and transport equations modeling proportionality of light yield in high-energy electron tracks: CsI at 295 K and 100 K; CsI:Tl at 295 K

Bizarri

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. B

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A high-energy electron in condensed matter deposits energy by creation of electron-hole pairs whose density generally increases as the electron slows, reaching the order of 10 20 eh/cm 3 near the end of its track. The subsequent interactions of the electrons and holes include nonlinear rate terms and transport as first hot and then thermalized carriers in the nanometer-scale radial dimension of the track. Charge separation and strong radial electric fields occur in a material such as CsI with contrasting diffusion rates of self-trapped holes and hot electrons. Eventual radiative recombination has a nonlinear relation to the primary electron energy because of these interactions. This socalled intrinsic nonproportionality of electron response limits achievable energy resolution of a given scintillation radiation detector material. We use a system of coupled transport and rate equations to describe a pure host (3 equations) and one dopant (4 more equations per dopant). Applying it first to the experimentally well-characterized system of CsI and CsI:Tl in this work, we use results of picosecond absorption spectroscopy, interband z-scan measurements of nonlinear rate constants, and other experiments and calculations to determine most of the more than 20 rate and transport coefficients required for modeling. The model is solved in a track environment approximated as cylindrical and is compared to the proportionality curve and total light yield of undoped CsI at temperatures of 295 K and 100 K, as well as thallium dopant in CsI:Tl at 295 K. With this degree of validation, the space-and time-distributions of carriers and excitons, both untrapped and trapped, are examined within the model to gain an understanding of the main competitions controlling the nonproportionality of response.

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“…(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). dn e dt = G e + D e ∇ 2 n e + µ e ∇ · n e − → E − (K 1e + S 1e )n e − Bn e n h − B ht n e n ht − K 3 n e n e n h − K 3 n e n e n ht (1)…”

Section: The Model and Its Numerical Solution In Electron Tracksunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coupled rate and transport equations modeling proportionality of light yield in high-energy electron tracks: CsI at 295 K and 100 K; CsI:Tl at 295 K

Bizarri

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Nonproportional response (nPR) of inorganic scintillators to ionizing radiation is one of the key problems that limits the development of new high energy resolution scintillation detectors [1][2][3][4][5]. The energy resolution R, defined as the full width ( E) of the full absorption peak in the pulse height spectrum, see figure 1, at half the maximum intensity (FWHM) divided by its energy E, of a scintillator detector can be written as [2,6,7]…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to have R nPR as low as possible to get the best energy resolution at a given N PMT phe . To reduce R nPR we need to understand the internal physical cause for the nPR of inorganic scintillators [3,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonproportional response of LaBr₃:Ce and LaCl₃:Ce scintillators to synchrotron x-ray irradiation

Khodyuk

Dorenbos

2010

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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The nonproportional scintillation response of LaBr 3 doped with 5% Ce 3+ and of LaCl 3 doped with 10% Ce 3+ was measured using highly monochromatic synchrotron irradiation. To estimate the photon response, pulse height spectra at many finely spaced energy values between 9 and 100 keV were measured. The experiment was carried out at the X-1 beamline at the Hamburger Synhrotronstrahlungslabor (HASYLAB) synchrotron radiation facility in Hamburg, Germany. Special attention was paid to the x-ray fluorescence escape peaks as they provide us with additional information about photon response in the range 1.2-14.5 keV for LaBr 3 :Ce and 2.0-11.6 keV for LaCl 3 :Ce. A rapid variation of the photon response curve is observed near the lanthanum K-electron binding energy for both scintillators. A dense sampling of data was performed around this energy and those data are used to apply a method, which we call K-dip spectroscopy. This method allows us to derive the electron response curves of LaBr 3 :Ce and LaCl 3 :Ce down to energies as low as 0.1 keV.

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A brief overview of existence results and decay time estimates for a mathematical modeling of scintillating crystals

Davı́

2021

Math Methods in App Sciences

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Inorganic scintillating crystals can be modelled as continua with microstructure.For rigid and isothermal crystals, the evolution of charge carriers becomes in this way described by a reaction-diffusion-drift equation coupled with the Poisson equation of electrostatic. Here, we give a survey of the available existence and asymptotic decays results for the resulting boundary value problem, the latter being a direct estimate of the scintillation decay time. We also show how to recover various approximated models which encompass also the two most used phenomenological models for scintillators, namely, the kinetic and diffusive ones. Also for these cases, we show, whenever it is possible, which existence and asymptotic decays estimate results are known to date. KEYWORDS entropy methods, existence of solutions of PDE, exponential rate of convergence, reaction-diffusion-drift equations, scintillators MSC CLASSIFICATION 35K57; 35B40; 35B45 INTRODUCTIONA scintillator crystal is a material which converts ionizing radiations into photons in the frequency range of visible light, hence its name. It acts as a true "wavelength shifter" and in such a role is used as radiation sensor into high-energy physics, in medical imaging and in security applications. 1 The physics of scintillation, which is a complex multi-scale phenomenon (see, e.g., Vasil'ev and Getkin 2 ) can be described within a continuum approach at three scales: at a microscopic scale, the incoming energy E generates a population of charged energy carriers which moves in straight directions for few nanometer 3 and whose density N = N(E) can be found by the means of approximated solutions of the Bethe-Bloch equation. 4-7* These energy carriers wander and migrate within a greater region either generating other energy carriers or recombining with emission of photons h𝜈. In the process, some energy is lost, and a scintillator is a material in which

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Energy nonlinearity in radiation detection materials: Causes and consequences

Cited by 44 publications

References 70 publications

Coupled rate and transport equations modeling proportionality of light yield in high-energy electron tracks: CsI at 295 K and 100 K; CsI:Tl at 295 K

Coupled rate and transport equations modeling proportionality of light yield in high-energy electron tracks: CsI at 295 K and 100 K; CsI:Tl at 295 K

Nonproportional response of LaBr₃:Ce and LaCl₃:Ce scintillators to synchrotron x-ray irradiation

A brief overview of existence results and decay time estimates for a mathematical modeling of scintillating crystals

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Energy nonlinearity in radiation detection materials: Causes and consequences

Cited by 44 publications

References 70 publications

Coupled rate and transport equations modeling proportionality of light yield in high-energy electron tracks: CsI at 295 K and 100 K; CsI:Tl at 295 K

Coupled rate and transport equations modeling proportionality of light yield in high-energy electron tracks: CsI at 295 K and 100 K; CsI:Tl at 295 K

Nonproportional response of LaBr3:Ce and LaCl3:Ce scintillators to synchrotron x-ray irradiation

A brief overview of existence results and decay time estimates for a mathematical modeling of scintillating crystals

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Product

Resources

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Nonproportional response of LaBr₃:Ce and LaCl₃:Ce scintillators to synchrotron x-ray irradiation