Energy Modeling for Electric Vehicles Based on Real Driving Cycles: An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Microscale Analyses

Abstract

This paper presents the process of creating a model for electric vehicle (EV) energy consumption, enabling the rapid generation of results and the creation of energy maps. The most robust validation indicators were exhibited by an artificial intelligence method, specifically neural networks. Within this framework, two predictive models for EV energy consumption were developed for winter and summer conditions, based on actual driving cycles. These models hold particular significance for microscale road analyses. The resultant model, for test data in summer conditions, demonstrates validation indicators of an R2 of 86% and an MSE of 1.4, while, for winter conditions, its values are 89% and 2.8, respectively, confirming its high precision. The paper also presents exemplary applications of the developed models, utilizing both real and simulated microscale data. The results obtained and the presented methodology can be especially advantageous for decision makers in the management of city roads and infrastructure planners, aiding both cognitive understanding and the better planning of charging infrastructure networks.

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Modelling CO2 Emissions from Vehicles Fuelled with CNG Based on On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Tests

“…The use of artificial intelligence for modelling is gaining popularity. In the current literature, similar modelling techniques can also be found in the context of modelling energy consumption by electric vehicles (EVs) [46][47][48][49].…”

Quantifying Emissions in Vehicles Equipped with Energy-Saving Start–Stop Technology: THC and NOx Modeling Insights

“…For each cluster, three models were assessed: a neural network multilayer perceptron (MLP) model, a nonlinear regression (NLR) model, and a look-up table (LT) approach. Artificial intelligence methods have been applied to model the energy usage of electric vehicles [64][65][66]. This particular study [64] outlines the methodology used to develop a model for electric vehicle (EV) energy consumption, allowing for rapid result generation and the creation of energy maps.…”

“…Artificial intelligence methods have been applied to model the energy usage of electric vehicles [64][65][66]. This particular study [64] outlines the methodology used to develop a model for electric vehicle (EV) energy consumption, allowing for rapid result generation and the creation of energy maps. Among the validation techniques employed, artificial intelligence, specifically neural networks, demonstrated the most robust performance.…”