Energy Minimization of Sensor Nodes by Placing the Base station in Optimal Location

Abstract

-The Base station placement plays a major role in the wireless sensor network to minimize the energy consumption. A new optimal method (orthocenter based approach) has been proposed for the two tired architecture of sensor nodes which may face a problem of path loss. The path loss varies from the node based on their distance to the base station. In this paper the optimal location for the base station is selected so as to minimize the path loss and increase in the energy utilization. The result shows that new method gives a better solution than the previous method (Centroid based approach). Keyword: Energy Utilization, path loss , Orthocenter , centroid Introduction A sensor node consumes energy for the following: events sensing, data aggregation, data transmission, modulation and the reception. The sensor network is densely deployed with the limited energy resource and a single base station to collect and process the data. The transmission power for data is proportional to the square of the distance between the sender and the receiver. The data aggregation will be done locally and also by the anchor(base station), so the energy will be more consumed for the data aggregation. Dorottya et al. [4] discussed about the movement of the base station of a sensor network for the energy conservation for the communication to increase the life time of the network. They followed the three different strategies to reduce the energy Minavg , minimizes the average energy required for the communication. Minmax , minimizes the maximum energy consumption among the active sensor nodes. minrel, minimizes the maximum relative energy consumption of the nodes by considering their remaining battery power. They proved Minavg to be the better among the three. R.K.Tripathi et al. [21] has proposed an algorithm for the base station placement by considering the distance between the nodes to the base station(placing base station as centroid) using the path loss models. Kemal Akkaya et al.[2] discussed about dynamic positioning of base station in dealing with dynamic variations in the network resources and surrounding environment. The dynamic positioning of the base station proves the, increase in network life time, data delivery and protecting the network efficiency. System Model Transceiver ModelThe transceiver model is to estimate the energy consumption in the process of base station location optimization. The transmitter utilizes the energy to run the components of transmitter and the power amplifier, and the receiver utilizes the energy to run the components of the receiver. The distance between the transmitter and the receiver determines the usage of energy. If it is greater than threshold (d 0 ) then the multipath loss model is used otherwise the free space model is used. In the transceiver, for transmission amplifier the path loss exponent n= 2 for free space model and n= 4 for multipath loss model. In Previous works related to the radio communication for free space the same exponent were used in their model for analyzing optim...