Energy Metabolism of Dormant Spadefoot Toads (Scaphiopus)

Seymour, Roger S.

doi:10.2307/1443107

Cited by 109 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These results are also consistent with earlier studies which have shown that as ambient temperature increases, the rate of oxygen consumption by aestivating frogs also increases (Van Beurden, 1980), and the magnitude of metabolic depression achieved decreases (Seymour, 1973;Abe and Garcia, 1991). Although aestivating C. alboguttata significantly depressed metabolic rate at all experimental temperatures, their capacity to do so was clearly impaired at 30°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…During aestivation many species of frog substantially reduce their metabolic rate by between 60% and 80% (Seymour, 1973;Flanigan et al, 1991;Withers, 1993) and the magnitude of metabolic depression observed for aestivating C. alboguttata in the present study was consistent with this. These results are also consistent with earlier studies which have shown that as ambient temperature increases, the rate of oxygen consumption by aestivating frogs also increases (Van Beurden, 1980), and the magnitude of metabolic depression achieved decreases (Seymour, 1973;Abe and Garcia, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…As frogs are ectotherms, temperature-related changes in metabolic rate have the potential to increase rates of MDA in dormant immobilised frogs, presumably in a muscle-specific fashion, and impact upon postemergence locomotor performance and survival. In fact, the metabolic rate of the toad Scaphiopus couchii appears to be more sensitive to temperature during aestivation than while active (Seymour, 1973), suggesting that temperature-induced rates of ROS production may even be higher in the tissues of aestivating animals relative to non-aestivating animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of elevated temperature on metabolism during aestivation: implications for muscle disuse atrophy

Young

Cramp

White

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYReactive oxygen species (ROS), produced commensurate with aerobic metabolic rate, contribute to muscle disuse atrophy (MDA) in immobilised animals by damaging myoskeletal protein and lipids. Aestivating frogs appear to avoid MDA in part by substantially suppressing metabolic rate. However, as ectotherms, metabolic rate is sensitive to environmental temperature, and the high ambient temperatures that may be experienced by frogs during aestivation could in fact promote MDA. In this study, we investigated the effect of temperature on the metabolic rate of the aestivating frog Cyclorana alboguttata and its skeletal muscles in order to determine their likely susceptibility to MDA. Compared with non-aestivating frogs, a significant decrease in metabolic rate was recorded for aestivating frogs at 20, 24 and 30°C. At 30°C, however, the metabolic rate of aestivating frogs was significantly higher, approximately double that of frogs aestivating at 20 or 24°C, and the magnitude of the metabolic depression was significantly reduced at 30°C compared with that at 20°C. Temperature effects were also observed at the tissue level. At 24 and 30°C the metabolic rate of all muscles from aestivating frogs was significantly depressed compared with that of muscles from non-aestivating frogs. However, during aestivation at 30°C the metabolic rates of gastrocnemius, sartorius and cruralis were significantly elevated compared with those from frogs aestivating at 24°C. Our data show that the metabolism of C. alboguttata and its skeletal muscles is elevated at higher temperatures during aestivation and that the capacity of the whole animal to actively depress metabolism is impaired at 30°C.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of elevated temperature on metabolism during aestivation: implications for muscle disuse atrophy

Young

Cramp

White

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Parece que P. diplolistris escolhe abrigos com disponibilidade aparentemente maior de água e com menores variações de temperatura durante a estação seca, como reportado para S. couchii (MAYHEW, 1965). Mais ainda, Scaphiopus hammondii, é encontrado em solo arenoso durante o inverno, enquanto no verão, que correspondente à estação chuvosa, é encontrado em solo argiloso próximo a corpos de água (SEYMOUR, 1973b (HUDSON & FRANKLIN, 2002b;HUDSON et. al., 2007;JAMES, 2009 SYMONDS et al, 2007), e os indivíduos sofrem pouco prejuízo na função muscular após 15 meses de estivação induzida em laboratório (LAVIDIS et al, 2008).…”

Section: Taxa Metabólica De Repouso E Durante O Exercíciounclassified

Aspectos fisiológicos e ecológicos da estivação em Pleurodema diplolistris (Leiuperidae/Anura)

Pereira¹

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AGRADECIMENTOSAgradeço primeiramente a Deus por ter me dado forças para chegar até aqui. Por ter me guiado e sustentado durante essa trajetória.Agradeço ao Professor Doutor Carlos Navas pela dedicação, apoio e por todas as oportunidades que me ofereceu. Por ter acreditado no meu trabalho e me orientado.Agradeço ao Professor Doutor José Eduardo de Carvalho por ter me ajudado e orientado com muita paciência em todos os momentos. Finalmente, quero agradecer à minha família. Agradeço muito à minha mãe, Angelita por ter costurado durante muitas madrugadas para me ajudar, ao meu pai, Zeca, por ter passado tanto tempo sem dormir para auxiliar-me e agradeço também a minha irmã, Sandra, pelo auxílio. Agradeço muito por terem acreditado em mim e apoiado-me sempre. Agradeço ao Professores

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“…During aestivation the rate of energy expenditure determines the rate of depletion of endogenous fuel stores because there is no external food supply. Seymour (Seymour, 1973a) estimated on theoretical grounds that aestivating spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus couchii) could survive at least two years of drought on endogenous fat stores, thereby deferring the onset of starvation.…”

Section: The Physiology Of Aestivating Amphibiansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms underlying inhibition of muscle disuse atrophy during aestivation in the green-striped burrowing frog, Cyclorana alboguttata

Reilly¹

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In most mammals, extended inactivity or immobilisation of skeletal muscle (e.g. bedrest, limb-casting or hindlimb unloading) results in muscle disuse atrophy, a process which is characterised by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. In stark contrast, animals that experience natural bouts of prolonged muscle inactivity, such as hibernating mammals and aestivating frogs, consistently exhibit limited or no change in either skeletal muscle size or contractile performance. While many of the factors regulating skeletal muscle mass are known, little information exists as to what mechanisms protect against muscle atrophy in some species.Green-striped burrowing frogs (Cyclorana alboguttata) survive in arid environments by burrowing underground and entering into a deep, prolonged metabolic depression known as aestivation. Throughout aestivation, C. alboguttata is immobilised within a cast-like cocoon of shed skin and ceases feeding and moving. Remarkably, these frogs exhibit very little muscle atrophy despite extended disuse and fasting. The overall aim of the current research study was to gain a better understanding of the physiological, cellular and molecular basis underlying resistance to muscle disuse atrophy in C. alboguttata.The first aim of this study was to develop a genomic resource for C. alboguttata by sequencing and functionally characterising its skeletal muscle transcriptome, and to conduct gene expression profiling to identify transcriptional pathways associated with metabolic depression and maintenance of muscle function in aestivating burrowing frogs. A transcriptome was assembled using next-generation short read sequencing followed by a comparison of gene expression patterns between active and four-month aestivating C.alboguttata. This identified a complex suite of gene expression changes that occur in muscle during aestivation and provides evidence that aestivation in burrowing frogs involves transcriptional regulation of genes associated with cytoskeletal remodelling, avoidance of oxidative stress, energy metabolism, the cell stress response, cell death and survival and epigenetic modification. In particular, the expression levels of genes encoding cell cycle regulatory-, pro-survival and chromatin remodelling proteins, such as serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1, cell division protein kinase 2, survivin, vesicular overexpressed in cancer prosurvival protein 1 and histone-binding protein RBBP4, were upregulated in aestivators.The second aim of this study was to examine the potential role of mitochondrial ROS in the regulation of muscle mass and function during aestivation in C. alboguttata. In III mammals, muscle disuse atrophy has been associated with oxidative damage due to increased mitochondrial ROS production. C. alboguttata reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration by approximately 50% following four months of aestivation, while mitochondrial ROS production was more than 80% lower in aestivating skeletal muscle relative to controls when mitochondrial substrates were pre...

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Energy Metabolism of Dormant Spadefoot Toads (Scaphiopus)

Cited by 109 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of elevated temperature on metabolism during aestivation: implications for muscle disuse atrophy

Influence of elevated temperature on metabolism during aestivation: implications for muscle disuse atrophy

Aspectos fisiológicos e ecológicos da estivação em Pleurodema diplolistris (Leiuperidae/Anura)

Mechanisms underlying inhibition of muscle disuse atrophy during aestivation in the green-striped burrowing frog, Cyclorana alboguttata

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