Energy metabolism in the newborn farm animal with emphasis on the calf: endocrine changes and responses to milk-born and systemic hormones

Hammon, H.M.; Steinhoff‐Wagner, Julia; Schönhusen, U.; Metges, C. C.; Blum, J.W.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.02.005

Cited by 82 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Previous studies showed that the ether extract concentration varied from 4.6 to 6.7% (Kehoe et al, 2007;Morril et al, 2012;Contarini et al, 2014) and similar values were observed in the present study. High-fat colostrum is desirable when there is a high demand for energy for the newborn, since calves are born with reduced energy reserves (Okamota et al, 1986) and have high energy requirements to maintain thermogenesis (Hammon et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fat, the main energy source for newborns, represents approximately 6.7% of colostrum (Foley and Otterby, 1978) and is important for heat production and maintenance, as well as for providing fatty acids for glucose homeostasis via gluconeogenesis (Hammon et al, 2012). In addition to the lipid content, lactose, despite its low colostrum concentration (2.7%), has also an important function in the energy supply of newborns (Davis and Drackely, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional and microbiological quality of bovine colostrum samples in Brazil

et al. 2017

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological composition of colostrum samples collected from colostrum banks or newly calved cows on dairy farms. For this purpose, 66 colostrum samples from dairy cows were directly collected during the milking of newly calved cows or from colostrum storage bank. Samples were collected from commercial properties in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Paraná -Brazil, which were classified according to the total daily milk yield (MY). Even though average immunoglobulin concentrations were either adequate (79.7 and 51.7 mg/mL, for farms with MY>701 L/d and <200 L/d, respectively) or marginal (48.1 mg/mL for MY between 201-700 L/d), for only 48.4% of the colostrum samples, immunoglobulin concentrations were greater than 50 mg/mL. A variety of factors such as production system, animal breed, and time of sample collection can also affect the variables studied. In addition to emphasizing nutrition, good hygiene practices during the colostrum collection and storage process also deserve attention, since 24% of colostrum samples were below the microbial quality parameters. When nutritional and microbiological quality were simultaneously analyzed, only 22.6% of colostrum samples met the recommendations. Therefore, most of the calves in this region of Brazil are likely to present failure of passive immunity transfer and are exposed to pathogens when fed maternal colostrum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and microbiological quality of bovine colostrum samples in Brazil

et al. 2017

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“…Possible critical points for these differences in favour of the CONTROL group may be a lower quantity or quality of milk in the sows that were exposed to nutritional challenges during their foetal development (because such characteristics are highly influenced by nutritional and metabolic cues in all mammals; Shingfield et al 2013), a lower capacity of the neonates for endogenous glucose production (which is critical for adequate early-postnatal development; Hammon et al 2012) and/or a lower ability of the offspring to absorb and utilize milk nutrients check these hypotheses under the conditions of this study, but our results pave the way for future studies focused on both animal production and biomedicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-postnatal changes in adiposity and lipids profile by transgenerational developmental programming in swine with obesity/leptin resistance

González-Bulnes¹,

Astiz²,

Óvilo³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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Maternal malnutrition during pregnancy, both deficiency and excess, induces changes in the intrauterine environment and the metabolic status of the offspring, playing a key role in the growth, status of fitness/obesity and appearance of metabolic disorders during postnatal life. There is increasing evidence that these effects may not be only limited to the first generation of descendants, the offspring directly exposed to metabolic challenges, but to subsequent generations. This study evaluated, in a swine model of obesity/leptin resistance, the existence and extent of transgenerational developmental programming effects. Pre-and postnatal development, adiposity and metabolic features were assessed in the second generation of piglets, descendant of sows exposed to either undernutrition or overnutrition during pregnancy. The results indicated that these piglets exhibited early-postnatal increases in adiposity and disturbances in lipid profiles compatible with the early prodrome of metabolic syndrome, with liver tissue also displaying evidence of paediatric liver disease. These features indicative of early-life metabolic disorders were more evident in the males that were descended from overfed grandmothers and during the transition from milk to solid feeding. Thus, this study provides evidence supporting transgenerational developmental programming and supports the necessity for the development of strategies for avoiding the current epidemics of childhood overweight and obesity.

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“…In neonatal calves, eGP, through gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, increases after birth to meet glucose demands, because lactose intake is not sufficient to meet postnatal glucose requirements (Girard, 1990;Steinhoff-Wagner et al, 2011b;Hammon et al, 2013). Due to fat intake by colostrum feeding, reflected by increasing plasma concentrations of triacylglycerides and several proteins related to lipid transport in colostrumfed calves (Hammon and Blum, 1998;Rauprich et al, 2000;Herosimczyk et al, 2013), fat sources become an additional fuel to meet energy requirements in the neonate that requires adaptation of neonatal energy metabolism (Girard, 1990;Hammon et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dominant adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes in the liver of neonatal calves are α 1 -and β 2 -AR, which are involved in postnatal maturation of energy metabolism (Carron et al, 2005a,b;Ontsouka et al, 2006), whereas hepatic glucocorticoid receptors (GR) have scarcely been investigated in neonatal calves. However, postnatal energy status, specifically glucose and lipid metabolism, depends on diet, as indicated by an improved energy status in colostrum-fed calves and an impaired energy status in calves fed milk with comparable nutrient density as colostrum, but without bioactive growth-promoting factors (Blum, 2006;Hammon et al, 2012Hammon et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of colostrum versus formula feeding on hepatic glucocorticoid and α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors in neonatal calves and their effect on glucose and lipid metabolism

Schäff

Rohrbeck

Steinhoff‐Wagner

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Neonatal energy metabolism in calves has to adapt to extrauterine life and depends on colostrum feeding. The adrenergic and glucocorticoid systems are involved in postnatal maturation of pathways related to energy metabolism and calves show elevated plasma concentrations of cortisol and catecholamines during perinatal life. We tested the hypothesis that hepatic glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and α 1 -and β 2 -adrenergic receptors (AR) in neonatal calves are involved in adaptation of postnatal energy metabolism and that respective binding capacities depend on colostrum feeding. Calves were fed colostrum (CF; n = 7) or a milk-based formula (FF; n = 7) with similar nutrient content up to d 4 of life. Blood samples were taken daily before feeding and 2 h after feeding on d 4 of life to measure metabolites and hormones related to energy metabolism in blood plasma. Liver tissue was obtained 2 h after feeding on d 4 to measure hepatic fat content and binding capacity of AR and GR. Maximal binding capacity and binding affinity were calculated by saturation binding assays using [3 H]-prazosin and [ 3 H]-CGP-12177 for determination of α 1 -and β 2 -AR and [ 3 H]-dexamethasone for determination of GR in liver. Additional liver samples were taken to measure mRNA abundance of AR and GR, and of key enzymes related to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Plasma concentrations of albumin, triacylglycerides, insulin-like growth factor I, leptin, and thyroid hormones changed until d 4 and all these variables except leptin and thyroid hormones responded to feed intake on d 4. Diet effects were determined for albumin, insulin-like growth factor I, leptin, and thyroid hormones. Binding capacity for GR was greater and for α 1 -AR tended to be greater in CF than in FF calves. Binding affinities were in the same range for each receptor type. Gene expression of α 1 -AR (ADRA1) tended to be lower in CF than FF calves. Binding capacity of GR was related to parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, whereas β 2 -AR binding capacity was negatively associated with glucose metabolism. In conclusion, our results indicate a dependence of GR and α 1 -AR on milk feeding immediately after birth and point to an involvement of hepatic GR and AR in postnatal adaptation of glucose and lipid metabolism in calves.

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Energy metabolism in the newborn farm animal with emphasis on the calf: endocrine changes and responses to milk-born and systemic hormones

Cited by 82 publications

References 162 publications

Nutritional and microbiological quality of bovine colostrum samples in Brazil

Nutritional and microbiological quality of bovine colostrum samples in Brazil

Early-postnatal changes in adiposity and lipids profile by transgenerational developmental programming in swine with obesity/leptin resistance

Effects of colostrum versus formula feeding on hepatic glucocorticoid and α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors in neonatal calves and their effect on glucose and lipid metabolism

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