Energy Metabolism by the Yeast Cell

Stewart, Graham G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69126-8_6

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The central carbon metabolism plays a vital role in providing energy and co-factor supply for astaxanthin production (Noor et al, 2010), in which ATP is mainly produced by electron transport chain starting from NADH formed in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Stewart, 2017), and NADPH is mainly generated by the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (Wasylenko et al, 2015). Thus, downregulation of the central carbon metabolism often leads to serious growth defects.…”

Section: Central Carbon Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the redirection of metabolic flux from cell growth to astaxanthin biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica

Wang,

Yu,

Feng

et al. 2024

Yeast

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Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to produce astaxanthin provides a promising route. Here, Y. lipolytica M2 producing a titer of 181 mg/L astaxanthin was isolated by iterative atmospheric and room‐temperature plasma mutagenesis and diphenylamine‐mediated screening. Interestingly, a negative correlation was observed between cell biomass and astaxanthin production. To reveal the underlying mechanism, RNA‐seq analysis of transcriptional changes was performed in high producer M2 and reference strain M1, and a total of 1379 differentially expressed genes were obtained. Data analysis revealed that carbon flux was elevated through lipid metabolism, acetyl‐CoA and mevalonate supply, but restrained through central carbon metabolism in strain M2. Moreover, upregulation of other pathways such as ATP‐binding cassette transporter and thiamine pyrophosphate possibly provided more cofactors for carotenoid hydroxylase and relieved cell membrane stress caused by astaxanthin insertion. These results suggest that balancing cell growth and astaxanthin production may be important to promote efficient biosynthesis of astaxanthin in Y. lipolytica.

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Section: Central Carbon Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the redirection of metabolic flux from cell growth to astaxanthin biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica

Wang,

Yu,

Feng

et al. 2024

Yeast

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“…Yeast is one of the co-products of ethanol plants, which can be used as a nutritional supplement in animal feed due to its high protein content (39-54%) [4]. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast has been extensively grown, both under anaerobic conditions to produce ethanol and under aerobic conditions to produce baker's yeast and biomass for use in food and feed [5]. This versatility arises because Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the ability to grow under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, which gives it a unique physiology [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Aerobic Propagation of Yeasts as Additional Step in Production Process of Corn Ethanol

Oliveira,

Douradinho,

Sica

et al. 2024

Stresses

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Yeast is one of the co-products of ethanol plants, which can be used as a nutritional supplement in animal feed due to its high protein content. Given the importance of yeast contribution to the nutritional properties of DDG (dried distillers’ grains), the aim of this study was to assess how different levels of aeration affect the biomass production and the quality of yeast providing new insights into yeast production, offering an alternative source of income for the corn ethanol industry. For this purpose, yeasts were grown in a fed-batch process, and different concentrations of aeration in the medium were tested, namely 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 volume of air per volume of wort per minute (v v−1 min−1). At the end of the cellular biomass production process, yeasts grown with 0.5 (v v−1 min−1) aeration in the reactor showed higher biomass formation (19.86 g L−1), cellular yield (g g−1), and a lower formation of succinic acid (0.70 g L−1) and acetic acid (0.11 g L−1). Aeration influenced an increase of 1.0% in the protein content in yeast. In conclusion, lower levels of aeration in the yeast production process enables more efficient sugar utilization for biomass formation and is a potential strategy to increase the protein content and the commercial value of DDG.

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“…Yeast sizes are variable from 2 to 50 μm in length and 1 to 10 μm in width [ 32 ]. Yeasts could grow under aerobic respiration, so they are generally used for brewing to produce alcohol [ 39 ]. In both inner and outer cell walls ( Figure 2 ), β-glucans and mannoprotein are the major components [ 23 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Microorganisms as Nutritional and Functional Feedstuffs for Nursery Pigs and Broilers

Cheng

Kim

2022

Animals

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The objectives of this review paper are to introduce the structures and composition of various microorganisms, to show some applications of single cells as alternative protein supplements or energy feeds in swine and poultry diets, and to discuss the functional effects of microorganisms as feed additives on the growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs and broilers. Microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and microalgae, have been commonly supplemented in animal diets because they are cost-effective, stable, and have quantitative production that provides nutritional and functional benefits to pigs and broilers. Microorganisms could be alternative antibiotics to enhance intestinal health due to bioactive components from cell wall components, which interact with receptors on epithelial and immune cells. In addition, bioactive components could be digested by intestinal microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids and enhance energy utilization. Otherwise, microorganisms such as single-cell protein (SCP) and single-cell oils (SCOs) are sustainable and economic choices to replace conventional protein supplements and energy feeds. Supplementing microorganisms as feedstuffs and feed additives improved the average daily gain by 1.83%, the daily feed intake by 0.24%, and the feed efficiency by 1.46% in pigs and broilers. Based on the properties of each microorganism, traditional protein supplements, energy feeds, and functional feed additives could be replaced by microorganisms, which have shown benefits to animal’s growth and health. Therefore, specific microorganisms could be promising alternatives as nutritional and functional feedstuffs in animal diets.

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Energy Metabolism by the Yeast Cell

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the redirection of metabolic flux from cell growth to astaxanthin biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the redirection of metabolic flux from cell growth to astaxanthin biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica

Evaluation of Aerobic Propagation of Yeasts as Additional Step in Production Process of Corn Ethanol

Use of Microorganisms as Nutritional and Functional Feedstuffs for Nursery Pigs and Broilers

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