Energy metabolism and its evolution in Microsporidia and allied taxa

Timofeev, Sergey A.; Tokarev, Yuri S.; Dolgikh, Viacheslav V.

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06657-9

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Parasite proliferation is an energetically demanding intracellular stage where the rapidly growing meronts steal host metabolites (Figure 1b). Microsporidia have lost many enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and are highly reliant on hosts for nutrients (Nakjang et al, 2013; Timofeev, Tokarev, & Dolgikh, 2020). Microsporidia have also lost mitochondrial genomes and instead retain reduced organelles known as mitosomes which perform the conserved function of generating iron–sulfur proteins (Freibert et al, 2017; Goldberg et al, 2008; Williams, Hirt, Lucocq, & Embley, 2002).…”

Section: Microsporidia Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

Jarkass

Reinke

2020

Cellular Microbiology

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Microsporidia are a large group of fungal-related obligate intracellular parasites. They are responsible for infections in humans as well as in agriculturally and environmentally important animals. Although microsporidia are abundant in nature, many of the molecular mechanisms employed during infection have remained enigmatic. In this review, we highlight recent work showing how microsporidia invade, proliferate and exit from host cells. During invasion, microsporidia use spore wall and polar tube proteins to interact with host receptors and adhere to the host cell surface. In turn, the host has multiple defence mechanisms to prevent and eliminate these infections. Microsporidia encode numerous transporters and steal host nutrients to facilitate proliferation within host cells. They also encode many secreted proteins which may modulate host metabolism and inhibit host cell defence mechanisms. Spores exit the host in a non-lytic manner that is dependent on host actin and endocytic recycling proteins. Together, this work provides a fuller picture of the mechanisms that these fascinating organisms use to infect their hosts.

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Section: Microsporidia Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

Jarkass

Reinke

2020

Cellular Microbiology

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“…As the result of an intracellular lifestyle, the microsporidian parasites have lost canonical mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation pathway; hence glycolysis is the mean to produce ATP ( Timofeev et al, 2020 ). To satisfy their energy demands, microsporidia acquired the capability to import ATP directly from the host cell cytoplasm during proliferation ( Tsaousis et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome and Evolutionary Analysis of Nosema ceranae: A Microsporidian Parasite of Honey Bees

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Microsporidia comprise a phylum of single cell, intracellular parasites and represent the earliest diverging branch in the fungal kingdom. The microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae primarily infects honey bee gut epithelial cells, leading to impaired memory, suppressed host immune responses and colony collapse under certain circumstances. As the genome of N. ceranae is challenging to assembly due to very high genetic diversity and repetitive region, the genome was re-sequenced using long reads. We present a robust 8.8 Mbp genome assembly of 2,280 protein coding genes, including a high number of genes involved in transporting nutrients and energy, as well as drug resistance when compared with sister species Nosema apis. We also describe the loss of the critical protein Dicer in approximately half of the microsporidian species, giving new insights into the availability of RNA interference pathway in this group. Our results provided new insights into the pathogenesis of N. ceranae and a blueprint for treatment strategies that target this parasite without harming honey bees. The unique infectious apparatus polar filament and transportation pathway members can help to identify treatments to control this parasite.

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“…Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotes living as obligate intracellular parasites. All stages of their life-cycle associated with growing and replication can only take place inside host cells; in the environment, they can survive only as thick-walled spores (Timofeev et al 2020). Their adaptation to a parasitic strategy has resulted in the development of a seemingly paradoxical mixture of characteristics: the cells lack mitochondria, and their metabolism does not employ electron transfer chains, oxidative phosphorylation, or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.…”

Section: Microsporidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, their genomes are poor in genes involved in resource-producing metabolic pathways, such as ATP synthesis, but rich in others that enhance transport mechanisms and allow resources to be hijacked from the host. Due to their highly-reduced morphology, ultrastructure, biochemistry and metabolism, as well as their considerably impoverished genome, microsporidia need to induce considerable disruption of host cell physiology to enable successful infection and development (Corradi 2015;Haag et al 2019;Timofeev et al 2020). One exception to this rule is Microsporidium daphniae, which has been found to possess a mitochondrial genome and the genes necessary for producing ATP from glucose (Haag et al 2014).…”

Section: Microsporidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia

Kaczmarek

Boguś

2021

IMA Fungus

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The relationship between entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example of the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host. The present review describes the entomopathogenic potential of Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota fungi, and two groups of fungal allies: Oomycota and Microsporidia. The Oomycota (water moulds) are considered as a model biological control agent of mosquito larvae. Due to their shared ecological and morphological similarities, they had long been considered a part of the fungal kingdom; however, phylogenetic studies have since placed this group within the Straminipila. The Microsporidia are parasites of economically-important insects, including grasshoppers, lady beetles, bumblebees, colorado potato beetles and honeybees. They have been found to display some fungal characteristics, and phylogenetic studies suggest that they are related to fungi, either as a basal branch or sister group. The Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, named the lower fungi, historically were described together; however, molecular phylogenetic and ultrastructural research has classified them in their own phylum. They are considered parasites of ants, and of the larval stages of black flies, mosquitoes and scale insects.

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Energy metabolism and its evolution in Microsporidia and allied taxa

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

Genome and Evolutionary Analysis of Nosema ceranae: A Microsporidian Parasite of Honey Bees

Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia

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