Energy‐Metabolising Enzymes in Brain Regions of Adult and Aging Rats

Leong, S. F.; Lai, James C. K.; Lim, Louis; Clark, John B.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb06326.x

Cited by 211 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The regional distribution of a-KGDH in the brain is not uniform but follows the pattern of other citric acid cycle and glycolytic enzymes (Leong et al 1981;Leong & Clark 1984); the activity is highest in cerebral cortex and lowest in the phylogenetically older parts of the brain (Lai & Cooper 1986). The properties of the brain a-KGDH appear to differ, in many respects, from those of the enzyme originating from non-neuronal tissues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: a target and generator of oxidative stress

Tretter

Ádám-Vizi

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

351

282

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Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (a-KGDH) is a highly regulated enzyme, which could determine the metabolic flux through the Krebs cycle. It catalyses the conversion of a-ketoglutarate to succinylCoA and produces NADH directly providing electrons for the respiratory chain. a-KGDH is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of this enzyme could be critical in the metabolic deficiency induced by oxidative stress. Aconitase in the Krebs cycle is more vulnerable than a-KGDH to ROS but as long as a-KGDH is functional NADH generation in the Krebs cycle is maintained. NADH supply to the respiratory chain is limited only when a-KGDH is also inhibited by ROS. In addition being a key target, a-KGDH is able to generate ROS during its catalytic function, which is regulated by the NADH/NAD C ratio. The pathological relevance of these two features of a-KGDH is discussed in this review, particularly in relation to neurodegeneration, as an impaired function of this enzyme has been found to be characteristic for several neurodegenerative diseases.

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mentioning

confidence: 89%

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: a target and generator of oxidative stress

Tretter

Ádám-Vizi

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

351

282

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“…This is illustrated by the observation that the proper balance of trace element concentrations can be essential for proper metabolic functioning (1)(2)(3). Interestingly, specific regions of the brain have been shown to have unequal distributions of metabolic enzymes (4). Previously, unequal distributions were also shown for neurotransmitters (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acute Effects of Moderate and Strenuous Running on Trace Element Distribution in the Brain, Liver, and Spleen of Trained Rats

et al. 2013

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Objective: Trace elements such as manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) play key roles in metabolic reactions and are important in many physiological enzymatic processes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the acute effects of moderate and strenuous running (treadmill) exercise on the levels of Mn, Co and Cr in the brain, liver, and spleen of trained rats.Study Design: Animal experiment.Material and Methods: Twenty-one Wistar-Albino adult male rats were used in the study. Rats were grouped as control group (no mandated exercise; n=8), moderate exercise group (30 min exercise duration; n=7), and strenuous exercise group (60 min exercise duration; n=6). The levels of Mn, Co, and Cr in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, brain stem, liver, and spleen were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Results: Cr levels in liver of rats increased in parallel to the time course of running supporting the exercise training effect on the action of insulin. Compared to the control group, the level of Co significantly decreased in the brain stem of rats in the moderate exercise group (p=0.009) and in the frontal lobe of rats in the strenuous exercise group (p=0.004). In the strenuous exercise group, an examination of the brain stem revealed that the level of Mn significantly decreased (p=0.001), and levels of Co and Cr were apparently depleted to the extent that these elements were no longer detectable. Conclusion:A notable finding is that during or after single bout strenuous exercise, levels of Co decreased in the spleen and particularly decreased in the brain stem of regularly trained rats. From this study, it can be inferred that sportsmen should aware trace element disturbances among the body parts or depletion of some trace elements after single bout of chronic strenuous running exercise.

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“…PK activity was assayed essentially as described by Leong et al (1981). The incubation medium consisted of 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.16 mM NADH, 75 mM KCl, 5.0 mM ADP, 7 units of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100, and 10 µL of the mitochondria-free supernatant in a final volume of 0.5 mL.…”

Section: Pyruvate Kinase Activity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiol/disulfide status regulates the activity of thiol-containing kinases related to energy homeostasis in rat kidney

Rech

Mezzomo

Athaydes

et al. 2017

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Considering that thiol-containing enzymes like kinases are critical for several metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis, we investigated the effects of cystine dimethyl ester and/or cysteamine administration on kinases crucial for energy metabolism in the kidney of Wistar rats. Animals were injected twice a day with 1.6 µmol/g body weight cystine dimethyl ester and/or 0.26 µmol/g body weight cysteamine from the 16 th to the 20 th postpartum day and euthanized after 12 hours. Pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase, creatine kinase activities and thiol/disulfide ratio were determined. Cystine dimethyl ester administration reduced thiol/disulfide ratio and inhibited the kinases activities. Cysteamine administration increased the thiol/ disulfide ratio and co-administration with cystine dimethyl ester prevented the inhibition of the enzymes. Regression between the thiol/disulfide ratio, and the kinases activities were significant. These results suggest that redox status may regulate energy metabolism in the rat kidney. If thiol-containing enzymes inhibition and oxidative stress occur in patients with cystinosis, it is possible that lysosomal cystine depletion may not be the only beneficial effect of cysteamine administration, but also its antioxidant and thiol-protector effect.

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Energy‐Metabolising Enzymes in Brain Regions of Adult and Aging Rats

Cited by 211 publications

References 48 publications

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: a target and generator of oxidative stress

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: a target and generator of oxidative stress

Acute Effects of Moderate and Strenuous Running on Trace Element Distribution in the Brain, Liver, and Spleen of Trained Rats

Thiol/disulfide status regulates the activity of thiol-containing kinases related to energy homeostasis in rat kidney

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